قائمة رؤوس دولة أفغانستان
يسرد هذا الموضوع " رؤساء الدول لـ أفغانستان" "منذ تأسيس أول دولة أفغانية ، أسرة هوتك ، عام 1709.
تشكلت أسرة هوتك بعد انتفاضة ناجحة قادها مرويس هوتك وزعماء قبائل أفغان آخرين من قندهار ضد الحكم المغولي و الفارسي.
بعد سلسلة طويلة من الحروب ، تم استبدال إمبراطورية هوتك في النهاية ب الدولة الدرانية التي أسسها أحمد شاه دراني في عام 1747.
قائمة رؤساء الدول
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
الملوك
Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Reign | Dynasty | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | ||||
Hotak Empire (1709–1738) | ||||||
Mirwais Hotak | 1673–1715 | 1709 | 1715 | 6 years | Hotak | |
Emir | ||||||
Abdul Aziz Hotak | Died 1717 | 1715 | 1717 | 2 years | Hotak | |
Emir; Brother of Mirwais Hotak | ||||||
Mahmud Hotak | 1697–1725 | 1717 | 22 April 1725 | 8 years | Hotak | |
Emir; Son of Mirwais Hotak | ||||||
Ashraf Hotak | Died 1730 | 22 April 1725 | 1730 | 5 years | Hotak | |
Emir; Nephew of Mirwais Hotak | ||||||
Hussain Hotak | Died 1738 | 1730 | 24 March 1738 | 8 years | Hotak | |
Emir; Son of Mirwais Hotak | ||||||
Afsharid Empire (1738–1747) | ||||||
Nader Shah | 1688–1747 | 24 March 1738 | 19 June 1747 | 9 سنة , 78 يوم | Afsharid | |
Emir | ||||||
Durrani Empire (1747–1823) | ||||||
Ahmad Shah Durrani | 1722–1772 | October 1747 | 16 October 1772 | 25 سنة , 15 يوم | Durrani | |
Emir | ||||||
Timur Shah Durrani | 1748–1793 | 16 October 1772 | 18 May 1793 | 20 سنة , 214 يوم | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani | ||||||
Zaman Shah Durrani | 1770–1844 | 18 May 1793 | 25 July 1801 | 8 سنة , 68 يوم | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed | ||||||
Mahmud Shah Durrani | 1769–1829 | 25 July 1801 | 13 July 1803 | 1 سنة, 353 يوم | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; First Reign; Deposed | ||||||
Shah Shujah Durrani | 1785–1842 | 13 July 1803 | 3 May 1809 | 5 سنة , 294 يوم | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; First Reign; Deposed | ||||||
Mahmud Shah Durrani | 1769–1829 | 3 May 1809 | 1818 | 9 years | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Second Reign; Deposed | ||||||
Ali Shah Durrani | 1818 | 1819 | 1 years | Durrani | ||
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed | ||||||
Ayub Shah Durrani | Died 1837 | 1819 | 1823 | 4 years | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Deposed | ||||||
Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926) | ||||||
Dost Mohammad Khan | 1793–1863 | 1823 | 2 August 1839 | 16 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Sardar Payenda Khan; First Reign; Exiled | ||||||
Shah Shujah Durrani | 1785–1842 | 7 August 1839 | 5 April 1842 | 2 سنة , 241 يوم | Durrani | |
Emir; Son of Timur Shah Durrani; Second Reign; Assassinated following the 1842 retreat from Kabul | ||||||
Wazir Akbar Khan | 1816–1845 | 5 April 1842 | 1845 | 3 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | ||||||
Dost Mohammad Khan | 1793–1863 | 1845 | 9 June 1863 | 18 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Sardar Payenda Khan; Second Reign | ||||||
Sher Ali Khan | 1825–1879 | 9 June 1863 | 1865 | 2 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan; First Reign; Deposed | ||||||
Mohammad Afzal Khan | 1811–1867 | 1865 | 7 October 1867 | 2 years | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | ||||||
Mohammad Azam Khan | Died 1868 | 7 October 1867 | 21 February 1868 | 137 يوم | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | ||||||
Sher Ali Khan | 1825–1879 | 7 October 1868 | 21 February 1879 | 10 سنة , 137 يوم | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Dost Mohammad Khan; Second Reign | ||||||
Mohammad Yaqub Khan | 1849–1923 | 21 February 1879 | 12 October 1879 | 233 يوم | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Sher Ali Khan | ||||||
Ayub Khan | 1857–1914 | 12 October 1879 | 31 May 1880 | 232 يوم | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Sher Ali Khan; Deposed | ||||||
Abdur Rahman Khan | 1840/1844–1901 | 31 May 1880 | 1 October 1901 | 21 سنة , 123 يوم | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Mohammad Afzal Khan | ||||||
Habibullah Khan | 1872–1919 | 1 October 1901 | 20 February 1919 | 17 سنة , 142 يوم | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Abdur Rahman Khan; Assassinated | ||||||
Nasrullah Khan | 1874–1920 | 21 February 1919 | 28 February 1919 | 7 يوم | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Abdur Rahman Khan; Deposed | ||||||
Amanullah Khan | 1892–1960 | 28 February 1919 | 9 June 1926 | 7 سنة , 101 يوم | Barakzai | |
Emir; Son of Habibullah Khan | ||||||
Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973) | ||||||
Amanullah Khan | 1892–1960 | 9 June 1926 | 14 January 1929 | 2 سنة , 219 يوم | Barakzai | |
King; Son of Habibullah Khan; Deposed | ||||||
Inayatullah Khan | 1888–1946 | 14 January 1929 | 17 January 1929 | 3 يوم | Barakzai | |
King; Son of Habibullah Khan; Abdicated | ||||||
Emirate of Afghanistan (1929) | ||||||
Habibullāh Kalakāni | 1891–1929 | 17 January 1929 | 13 October 1929 | 269 يوم | Non-Dynastic | |
King and Emir ; Contested the throne during the 1928–29 civil war; Deposed and executed | ||||||
Ali Ahmad Khan | 1883–1929 | 17 January 1929 | 9 February 1929 | 23 يوم | Non-Dynastic | |
King; Rose in opposition to Kalakāni during the 1928–29 civil war; Captured and executed | ||||||
Amanullah Khan | 1892–1960 | March 1929 | 23 May 1929 | 83 يوم | Barakzai | |
King, Returned to Afghanistan to contest the throne during the 1928–29 civil war; Eventually retreated back into British India. | ||||||
Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973) | ||||||
Mohammed Nadir Shah | 1883–1933 | 15 October 1929 | 8 November 1933 | 4 سنة , 24 يوم | Barakzai | |
King; Grandnephew of Dost Mohammed Khan; Assassinated by Abdul Khaliq Hazara | ||||||
Mohammed Zahir Shah | 1914–2007 | 8 November 1933 | 17 July 1973 | 39 سنة , 251 يوم | Barakzai | |
King; Son of Mohammed Nadir Shah; Deposed |
الملوك المحليون
Some rulers tried to take advantage of internal conflicts in Afghanistan to claim the throne. However, their rule was limited only to certain areas.
Name | Lifespan | Reign | Dynasty | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |||
Jehandad Khan | Died 1914 | May 1912 | ح. 1 month | Non-dynastic | |
Emir; Ruled only in Khost during the 1912 rebellion. | |||||
Abd-al Karim | 1897–1927 | July 1924 | 30 January 1925 | 213 يوم | Barakzai |
Emir; Son of Mohammad Yaqub Khan, rule limited to the Southern Province during the 1924–1925 rebellion. | |||||
Salemai | Unknown | 1944/45 | late 1946 | ح. 2 years | Non-dynastic |
King; rule limited to the Eastern Province during the 1944–47 tribal revolts. |
غير الملوك
Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Term of office | Political party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) | |||||||
Mohammed Daoud Khan | 1909–1978 | 17 July 1973 | 28 April 1978 | 4 سنة , 285 يوم |
Independent (until 1976) |
||
National Revolutionary Party | |||||||
President; Member of the Barakzai dynasty (first cousin of Mohammed Zahir Shah); Assassinated | |||||||
Democratic (Communist) Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992) | |||||||
Colonel Abdul Qadir |
1944–2014 | 28 April 1978 | 30 April 1978 | 2 يوم |
People's Democratic Party (Khalq faction) |
||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Military Revolutionary Council | |||||||
Nur Muhammad Taraki | 1917–1979 | 30 April 1978 | 14 September 1979 | 1 سنة, 137 يوم |
People's Democratic Party (Khalq faction) |
||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated | |||||||
Hafizullah Amin | 1929–1979 | 14 September 1979 | 27 December 1979 | 104 يوم |
People's Democratic Party (Khalq faction) |
||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated | |||||||
Babrak Karmal | 1929–1996 | 27 December 1979 | 24 November 1986 | 6 سنة , 332 يوم |
People's Democratic Party (Parcham faction) |
||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Dismissed | |||||||
Haji Mohammad Chamkani | 1947–2012 | 24 November 1986 | 30 September 1987 | 310 يوم | Independent | ||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Appointed as part of National Reconciliation process | |||||||
Mohammad Najibullah | 1947–1996 | 30 September 1987 | 16 April 1992 | 4 سنة , 199 يوم |
People's Democratic Party (Parcham faction) (until 1990) |
||
Homeland Party | |||||||
President (Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council until 30 November 1987); Resigned | |||||||
Abdul Rahim Hatif | 1926–2013 | 16 April 1992 | 28 April 1992 | 12 يوم | Homeland Party | ||
Acting President; Deposed | |||||||
Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002) | |||||||
Sibghatullah Mojaddedi | 1925–2019 | 28 April 1992 | 28 June 1992 | 61 يوم | National Liberation Front | ||
Acting President; Resigned | |||||||
Burhanuddin Rabbani | 1940–2011 | 28 June 1992 | 22 December 2001 | 9 سنة , 167 يوم | Jamiat-e Islami | ||
President; Between 1996 and 2001, the Islamic State remained the internationally recognized government, despite only controlling about 10% of Afghan territory | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 22 December 2001 | 13 July 2002 | 203 يوم | Independent | ||
Acting President | |||||||
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) | |||||||
Mullah Mohammed Omar |
1960–2013 | 27 September 1996 | 13 November 2001 | 5 سنة , 47 يوم | Taliban | ||
Emir and Commander of the Faithful; The Islamic Emirate never attained widespread international recognition, despite controlling about 90% of Afghan territory; Deposed | |||||||
Mullah Mohammad Rabbani |
1955–2001 | 27 September 1996 | 13 April 2001 | 4 سنة , 198 يوم | Taliban | ||
Head of the Supreme Council; Deputy leader of the Taliban; Died in office | |||||||
Maulavi Abdul Kabir |
1958/1963– | 16 April 2001 | 13 November 2001 | 211 يوم | Taliban | ||
Acting Head of the Supreme Council; Deposed | |||||||
Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (2002–2004) | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 13 July 2002 | 7 December 2004 | 2 سنة , 147 يوم | Independent | ||
Transitional President | |||||||
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–present) | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 7 December 2004 | 29 September 2014 | 9 سنة , 296 يوم | Independent | ||
President; First democratically elected head of state | |||||||
Ashraf Ghani | 1949– | 29 September 2014 | Incumbent | 5 سنة , 254 يوم | Independent | ||
President; First peaceful transfer of power |
معايير رؤساء الدول
Standard of the King of Afghanistan, 1931–1973.
Standard of the President of Afghanistan, 2004–2013.
Standard of the President of Afghanistan, 2013–present.
أنظر أيضاً
- President of Afghanistan
- Prime Minister of Afghanistan
- Chief Executive (Afghanistan)
- Name of Afghanistan
- History of Afghanistan
- List of Pashtun empires and dynasties
ملاحظات
- ^ Most sources list 17 January 1929, the day that Kalakani captured Kabul, as the date that his reign began. However, he had been formally claiming the title of emir since 14 December 1928.
- ^ Kalakani referred to himself as both "King" and "Emir".
المصادر
- ^ "An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722-1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Otfinoski, Steven (2004). . Infobase Publishing. p. 7. ISBN . Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ^ Malleson, George Bruce (1878). . London: Elibron.com. p. 227. ISBN . Retrieved 2010-09-27.
-
^ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747.
- ^ "Last Afghan empire". Louis Dupree, Nancy Hatch Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Qassem, Dr Ahmad Shayeq (2013-03-28). (in الإنجليزية). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 175. ISBN .
- ^ Wazir, Azmatullah Khan (2002). (in الإنجليزية). A.K. Wazir. p. 8.
- ^ Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999). (in الإنجليزية). Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 37. ISBN .
- ^ "ExecutedToday.com » 1929: Habibullah Kalakani, Tajik bandit-king" (in الإنجليزية). 1 November 2016. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
- ^ Muḥammad, Fayz̤; Hazārah, Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib; Muḥammad, Faiḍ (1999). (in الإنجليزية). Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 1. ISBN .
وصلات خارجية
- Presidency of Afghanistan