جمهورية أوكرانيا الاشتراكية السوڤيتية
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جمهورية أوكرانيا الاشتراكية السوڤيتية (Ukrainian SSR or UkSSR; بالاوكرانية: Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, Украї́нська РСР; بالروسية: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, Украи́нская ССР; see "Name" section below), commonly referred to as Soviet Ukraine or simply known as Ukraine[], was a Soviet socialist state and one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991.
The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations, although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union. Upon the Soviet Union's dissolution and perestroika, the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to the Republic of Ukraine, although Ukraine's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996.
Throughout its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times, with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland, and the addition of Russian Crimea in 1954. From the start, the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic's capital. However, in 1934, the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev, which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine.
Geographically, the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea, bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia, Byelorussia, and the Russian SFSR. The Ukrainian SSR's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union's western-most border point. According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants, which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union.
الاسم
التاريخ
التأسيس: 1917–1922
Territories claimed by the Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1920).
Boundaries of the Ukrainian SSR (1922).
سنوات ما بين الحربين: 1922–1939
Soviet soldiers preparing rafts to cross the Dnieper during the Battle of the Dnieper (1943). The sign reads "To Kiev!".
خط كرزون expanded the territory of the Ukrainian SSR to include western Ukraine, previously controlled by پولندا.
"Eternally Together": a Soviet poster made for the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1954.
خروشوڤ وبريجنيڤ: 1953–1985
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الدول المتحالفة
الاشتراكية
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المنظمات المتعلقة
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الرفض والمعارضة
إخوان الغابة
1953 uprisings
1956 protests
لتشيكوسلوڤاكيا
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أحداث الحرب الباردة
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الانحدار
January 1991
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گورباتشوڤ والحل: 1985–1991
1991 Ukrainian presidential election. Former dissident Vyacheslav Chornovil gained 23.3 percent of the vote, compared to 61.6 percent for then Acting President ليونيد كراڤتشوك.
The Declaration of Independence, as printed on the ballot للاستفتاء في 1 ديسمبر 1991.
التقسيمات الادارية
وسط خاركيڤ أثناء ع1980.
الاقتصاد
مقصورة أوكرانيا في مركز معرض عموم روسيا
الزراعة
A graph showing the increase in the use tractors versus the decreasing use of working horses during the years 1928 to 1938.
الصناعة
كارثة تشرنوبيل النووية هجرت الكثير من الموظفين السابقين بالمفاعل بلا مأوى.
الدين
العمران
Microdistricts, such as this one in Mykolaiv, became common sights throughout the Ukrainian SSR's cities.
الهامش
- ملاحظات
- ذِكر
- ^ "History" (in Ukrainian). Kharkiv Oblast Government Administration. Retrieved 16 April 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ Soviet Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. 1969–1972.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ Law of Ukraine "About languages of the Ukrainian SSR"
- ^ Language Policy in the Soviet Union by Lenore Grenoble, Springer Science+Business Media, 2003, ISBN 978-1-4020-1298-3.
- ^ History of Ukraine - The Land and Its Peoples by Paul Robert Magocsi, University of Toronto Press, 2010, ISBN 1442640855
- ^ Article 68, Constitution of Ukraine 1978
- ^ "Activities of the Member States - Ukraine". United Nations. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ببليوگرافيا
- Magocsi, Paul R. (1996). A History of Ukraine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN .
- Adams, Arthur E. Bolsheviks in the Ukraine: The Second Campaign, 1918—1919 (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1963).
- Armstrong, John A. The Soviet Bureaucratic Elite: A Case Study of the Ukrainian Apparatus (New York: Praeger, 1959).
- Dmytryshyn, Basil. Moscow and the Ukraine, 1918—1953: A Study of Russian Bolshevik Nationality Policy (New York: Bookman Associates, 1956).
- Manning, Clarence A. Ukraine under the Soviets (New York: Bookman Associates, 1953).
- Sullivant, Robert S. Soviet Politics and the Ukraine, 1917—1957 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1962).
وصلات خارجية
ابحث عن Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic في
قاموس الفهم.
قاموس الفهم.
- "Governments of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic". Government portal. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
- "Constitution of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic". Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). 1978. Retrieved 2008-06-11.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
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