نوريلسك
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Norilsk
Норильск
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|---|---|---|---|
مدينة | |||
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Norilsk Center, Leninsky Prospekt
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كراي كراسنويارسك
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 Norilsk Norilsk | |||
| الإحداثيات: Coordinates: | |||
| البلد | روسيا | ||
| كيان فدرالي | krasnoyarsk krai | ||
| Founded | 1935 | ||
| وضع مدينة منذ | 1953 | ||
| التعداد(تعداد 2010) | |||
| • الإجمالي | 175٬365 | ||
| • الترتيب | 102nd in 2010 | ||
|
الوضع الاداري
| |||
| • Subordinated to | krai city of Norilsk | ||
| • Capital of | krai city of Norilsk | ||
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الوضع البلدي
| |||
| • Urban okrug | Norilsk Urban Okrug | ||
| • العاصمة of | Norilsk Urban Okrug | ||
| Postal code(s) | 663300-663341 | ||
| Dialing code(s) | +7 3919 | ||
| المسقط الإلكتروني | norilsk-city.ru | ||
نوريلسك (روسية: Норильск; النطق الروسي: [nɐˈrʲilʲsk]) مدينة روسية تقع في محافظة كراسنويارسك . اكتسبت المدينة مكانة رفيعة عام 1953. وهي في أقصى شمال سيبيريا وثاني أكبر مدينة في القطب المتجمد الشمالي. شركة نيكل نوريلسك هي أكبر رب عمل في المدينة.
الجغرافيا والمناخ
| بيانات مناخ Norilsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | -3.0 (26.6) |
-2.0 (28.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
10.5 (50.9) |
22.8 (73) |
30.4 (86.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
9.6 (49.3) |
3.1 (37.6) |
-1.0 (30.2) |
32 (89٫6) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -23.6 (-10.5) |
-23.9 (-11) |
-18.4 (-1.1) |
-10.0 (14) |
-1.7 (28.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.0 (59) |
6.9 (44.4) |
-6.7 (19.9) |
-16.9 (1.6) |
-21.6 (-6.9) |
-6٫2 (20٫8) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | -26.9 (-16.4) |
-27.2 (-17) |
-21.9 (-7.4) |
-13.9 (7) |
-4.8 (23.4) |
7.0 (44.6) |
14.3 (57.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
4.0 (39.2) |
-9.5 (14.9) |
-20.2 (-4.4) |
-25.1 (-13.2) |
-9٫6 (14٫7) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -30.7 (-23.3) |
-31.0 (-23.8) |
-26.4 (-15.5) |
-18.5 (-1.3) |
-8.4 (16.9) |
3.2 (37.8) |
10.0 (50) |
7.6 (45.7) |
1.2 (34.2) |
-12.5 (9.5) |
-23.9 (-11) |
-28.9 (-20) |
-13٫4 (7٫9) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | -53.1 (-63.6) |
-52.0 (-61.6) |
-46.1 (-51) |
-38.7 (-37.7) |
-26.8 (-16.2) |
-9.8 (14.4) |
0.4 (32.7) |
-1.0 (30.2) |
-14.0 (6.8) |
-36.0 (-32.8) |
-43.1 (-45.6) |
-63.0 (-81.4) |
-63 |
| هطول mm (inches) | 17.6 (0.693) |
16.1 (0.634) |
28.4 (1.118) |
21.1 (0.831) |
24.0 (0.945) |
34.4 (1.354) |
32.4 (1.276) |
52.2 (2.055) |
26.0 (1.024) |
35.9 (1.413) |
30.8 (1.213) |
22.1 (0.87) |
341 (13٫425) |
| Source #1: Weatherbase, except for the July record high | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: July record high: Official website of Norilsk. В Норильске самый жаркий июль за всю историю метеонаблюдений (بالروسية); The Siberian Times. Norilsk breaks records for Arctic heat in a new sign of changing weather patterns | |||||||||||||
التلوث
Nickel ore is smelted at the company's processing site at Norilsk. This smelting is directly responsible for severe pollution, that generally comes in the form of acid rain and smog. By some estimates, one percent of global sulfur dioxide emission comes from Norilsk's nickel mines.Heavy metal pollution near Norilsk is so severe that it has now become economically feasible to mine surface soil, as the soil has acquired such high concentrations of platinum and palladium.
Norilsk-Talnakh nickel deposits
The nickel deposits of Norilsk-Talnakh are the largest-known nickel-copper-palladium deposits in the world. The deposit was formed 250 million years ago during the eruption of the Siberian Traps igneous province (STIP). The STIP erupted over one million cubic kilometers of lava, a large portion of it through a series of flat-lying lava conduits below Norilsk and the Talnakh Mountains.
The ore was formed when the erupting magma became saturated in sulfur, forming globules of pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and other sulfides. These sulfides were then "washed" by the continuing torrent of erupting magma, and upgraded their tenor with nickel, copper, platinum and palladium.[]
The current resource known for these mineralized intrusion exceeds 1.8 billion tons.MMC Norilsk Nickel, headquartered in Moscow, is the principal mining operator in Norilsk-Talnakh. The ore is mined underground via several shafts, and a decline. The ore deposits are currently being extracted at more than 1,200 م (3,900 قدم) below ground and drilled from the surface. Nickel production for 2008 amounted to 299.7 thousand metric tonnes. Copper production for 2008 amounted to 419 thousand metric tonnes.[]
The deposits are being explored by a Russian government-controlled company. The company is known to be using electromagnetic field geophysics, with loops on surface which are over 1,000 م (3,300 قدم) on a side. Theyنطقب:Who? are conclusively able to image the conductive nickel ore at depths in excess of 1,800 م (5,900 قدم).[]
الثقافة
Norilsk Polar Drama Theater
Lenin Monument in Norilsk
Nurd Kamal, the world's northernmost mosque
Monument to the city's builders in downtown Norilsk
Norilsk Golgotha, a memorial to Gulag prisoners who labored at Norilsk
Twin towns and sister cities
Norilsk is twinned with:
- Minusinsk, Russia
شاهد أيضا
- مسجد نورد كمال
المراجع
الهامش
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةRef66 - ^ Michail V. Kozlov; Elena Zvereva; Vitali Zverev (28 July 2009). . Springer Science & Business Media. p. 63. ISBN .
-
^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةRef763 - ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (بالروسية)
- ^ "телефонных кодов" (in Russian). Retrieved 7 February 2016.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Norilsk, Siberia". NASA. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
- ^ Kramer, Andrew E. (July 12, 2007). "For One Business, Polluted Clouds Have Silvery Linings". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2007.
- ^ "Mineral Reserves and Resources Statement". MMC Norilsk Nickel. November 3, 2008.
المصادر
- نطقب:RussiaAdmMunRef/kya/admlist
- نطقب:RussiaAdmMunRef/kya/munlist/norilsk
- "Norilskaya golgofa"(بالروسية) "Memorial", regional Branch "Siberia", publisher: "Klaretianum", Krasnoyarsk, 2002
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Norilsk. |
 |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Norilsk. |
- Official website of Norilsk (بالروسية)
- MMC Norilsk Nickel
- Would You Live in This Toxic, Closed-Off City?, video profile of city by The Atlantic (2017)
نطقب:Krasnoyarsk Krai
