ڤوكوڤار
Vukovar | |||
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City | |||
| City of Vukovar Grad Vukovar / Град Вуковар | |||
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Clockwise, from top: Republic of Croatia Square with monument to Dr. Franjo Tuđman and Old Water Tower; downtown with arcades; Vukovar water tower; Eltz Manor and Workers' Hall
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| Nickname(s):
Grad Heroj (Hero City)
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Location of Vukovar Municipality
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 Vukovar | |||
| الإحداثيات: Coordinates: | |||
| Country |
 كرواتيا
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| Region | Podunavlje | ||
| County | Vukovar-Syrmia | ||
| الحكم | |||
| • Mayor | Ivan Penava (HDZ) | ||
| • City Council | 23 members
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| المساحة | |||
| • City | 100٫26 كم² (38٫71 ميل²) | ||
| الارتفاع | 108 m (354 ft) | ||
| التعداد(2011) | |||
| • City | 27٬683 | ||
| • الكثافة | 280/km2 (720/sq mi) | ||
| • الحضر | 26٬468 | ||
| منطقة التوقيت | CET (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+1) | ||
| • الصيفي | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 32 000 | ||
| مفتاح الهاتف | 032 | ||
| تسجيل السيارة | VU | ||
| المسقط الإلكتروني | vukovar.hr | ||
Vukovar (النطق الصربو-كرواتي: [ʋûkoʋaːr], سيريلية صربية: Вуковар) is a city in eastern Croatia. It contains Croatia's largest river port, located at the confluence of the Vuka and the Danube. Vukovar is the seat of Vukovar-Syrmia County. The city's registered population was 26,468 in the 2011 census, with a total of 27,683 in the municipality.
Name
نطقب:Refimprove section The name Vukovar means 'town on the Vuka River' (Vuko from the Vuka River, and vár from the Hungarian word for 'fortress'). The river was called "Ulca" in antiquity, probably from an Illyrian language. Its name might be related to the name of the river "Volga". Folk etymology has connected it to the Croatian word "vuk", meaning "wolf". In other languages, the city in German is known as Wukowar and in Hungarian as Vukovár or Valkóvár. In the late 17th century, the medieval Croatian name Vukovo was supplanted by the Hungarian Vukovár.
المنطقة البلدية
Historically, Vukovar was divided into the Old Vukovar, New Vukovar and former workers' Bata village with Bata Shoes (now Borovo) factory, today known as the Vukovar suburb Borovo Naselje.
Geography
Vukovar is located in the Eastern part of the Republic of Croatia and is the centre of the Vukovar-Syrmia County. Its location places it at the border of historical provinces Eastern Slavonia and Western Syrmia.
The city is positioned on important transport routes. Since time immemorial transport routes from the northwest to the southeast were active in the Danube Valley through the Vukovar area.
After steam ships were introduced in the mid-19th century, and with the arrival of present-day tourist ships, Vukovar is connected with Budapest and Vienna upstream and all the way to Romania downstream. The Vukovar harbour is an important import and export station. The Danube has always been and remains the connection of the people of Vukovar with Europe and the world.
Vukovar is located 20 kم (12 ميل) northeast of Vinkovci and 36 kم (22 ميل) southeast of Osijek, with an elevation of 108 م (354 قدم). Vukovar is located on the main road D2 Osijek—Vukovar—Ilok and on the Vinkovci—Vukovar railway (and road D55).
History
Prehistory
One Scordisci archaeological site in Vukovar dating back to late La Tène culture was excavated in the 1970s and 1980s as a part of rescue excavations in eastern Croatia. Archaeological site was a part of the settlement network of Scordisci in the area of Vinkovci.
Early history
Slavic tribes settled in this area in the 6th century. In the 9th century the region was part of the Slavic Balaton Principality ruled by prince Pribina, part of the Principality of Pannonian Croatia ruled by prince Ljudevit, and part of the Bulgarian Empire. In the 11th–12th century, the region was part of the Kingdom of Croatia; from the 13th to 16th century part of the Kingdom of Hungary; and between 1526-1687 under Ottoman rule.
Habsburg Monarchy and Yugoslavia
After the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, Vukovar was part of the Habsburg Monarchy, Slavonia (Transleithania after the compromise of 1867), and soon after in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, created when the Kingdom of Slavonia and the Kingdom of Croatia were merged in 1868.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Vukovar was the seat of Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.
Croatian War of Independence
Vukovar was heavily damaged during the Croatian War of Independence. Approximately 2,000 self-organised defenders (the army of Croatia was still in an embryonic stage at that time) defended the city for 87 days against approximately 36,000 troops of the Serb-dominated JNA supplemented with 110 vehicles and tanks and dozens of planes. The city suffered heavy damage during the siege and was eventually overrun. It is estimated that 2,000 defenders of Vukovar and civilians were killed, 800 went missing and 22,000 civilians were forced into exile.
As a result of the conflict, a deep ethnic divide exists between the Croat and Serb populations.
Demographics
| Historical population of Vukovar | ||
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| السنة | تعداد | ±% |
| 1857 | 8٬162 | — |
| 1869 | 9٬453 | +15.8% |
| 1880 | 10٬234 | +8.3% |
| 1890 | 11٬205 | +9.5% |
| 1900 | 11٬557 | +3.1% |
| 1910 | 12٬149 | +5.1% |
| 1921 | 12٬116 | −0.3% |
| 1931 | 12٬738 | +5.1% |
| 1948 | 18٬994 | +49.1% |
| 1953 | 20٬616 | +8.5% |
| 1961 | 25٬763 | +25.0% |
| 1971 | 38٬830 | +50.7% |
| 1981 | 41٬959 | +8.1% |
| 1991 | 46٬735 | +11.4% |
| 2001 | 31٬670 | −32.2% |
| 2011 | 27٬683 | −12.6% |
| المصدر: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005 & Popis stanovništva 2011 | ||
| Year | Total | Croats | Serbs | Germans | Hungarians | Others | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 27,683 | 15,881 | 57.37% | 9,654 | 34.87% | 58 | 0.21% | 347 | 1.25% | 1,743 | 6.30% |
| 2001 | 31,670 | 18,199 | 57.5% | 10,412 | 32.9% | 58 | 0.2% | 387 | 1.2% | 2,614 | 8.3% |
| 1990 | 44,639 | 21,065 | 47.2% | 14,425 | 32.3% | 94 | 0.2% | 694 | 1.5% | 8,361 | 18.8% |
| 1971 | 30,222 | 14,694 | 48.6% | 9,132 | 30.2% | 60 | 0.2% | 835 | 2.8% | 5,501 | 18.2% |
| 1948 | 17,223 | 10,943 | 63.5% | 4,390 | 25.5% | 54 | 0.3% | 913 | 5.3% | 923 | 5.3% |
| 1931 | 10,242 | 5,048 | 49.6% | 1,702 | 16.6% | 2,670 | 26.1% | 571 | 5.6% | 215 | 2.0% |
| 1910 | 10,359 | 4,092 | 39.5% | 1,628 | 15.7% | 3,503 | 33.8% | 954 | 9.2% | 183 | 1.8% |
The most significant change was the forced displacement and internment of the German civilian population after World War II. The confiscated houses and properties were given to Croat and Serb colonists during the years of Communist Yugoslavia.
National structure (2011) ██ Croats (57.37%)██ Serbs (34.87%)██ Others (7.76%)
| Year of census | total | Croats | Serbs | Others |
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| 2001 | 31,670 | 18,199 (57.46%) | 10,412 (32.88%) | 3,059 (9.66%) |
| 1991 | 84,024 | 36,910 (43.93%) | 31,910 (37.98%) | 15,204 (18.09%) |
| 1981 | 81,203 | 30,157 (37.14%) | 25,146 (30.97%) | 25,903 (31.89%) |
| 1971 | 76,602 | 34,629 (45.21%) | 28,470 (37.17%) | 13,593 (17.09%) |
| 1961 | 54,707 | 24,527 (44.83%) | 22,774 (41.63%) | 7,406 (13.54%) |
أحداث
الاقتصاد
Vukovar port is situated on 1,335 kiloمترs (4,380,000 قدم) of the downstream flow of Danube river, on its right coast, and is the biggest official concessioner in the Vukovar region. The Company focuses its business on the transshipment of general and bulk cargo. The Port (850m long and 45m wide) is conveniently situated on the main current of the river, enabling navigation throughout the whole year regardless of water level. The Port recorded productivity growth and increase in cargo transshipment from 123,570 tons in 2009 to 295,199 tons in 2011. The majority of transshipment was in the category of bulk cargo (237,119 tons in 2011), while packaged goods and heavy cargo accounted for a total of 58,080 tons.
The economy of Vukovar is based on agriculture, trade, viticulture, food industry, textile industry, building materials industry, footwear industry and tourism. Vukovar is the largest Croatian town and river port on the Danube. Its economy is based on trade, farming, viticulture, livestock breeding, textiles, the food-processing industry, the footwear industry and tourism.
Borovo, a manufacturer of footwear located in Vukovar, ended up devastated and demolished in 1991 during the war. In its prime it employed 24,000 employees and tried to break into foreign markets with innovations in the manufacture of footwear, but today there are fewer than 1000 employees.
On June 7, 1931, Borovo was founded by Czech industrialist Tomáš Baťa. Borovo Factory was one of the few famous Bata Shoes factories in the world. In 1933, the production of rubber and technical goods started, and Bata in the gum industry became one of the first companies in the then Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
International relations
Foreign representatives
- The Consulate General of Republic of Serbia in the city of Vukovar.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Vukovar is twinned with:
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Notes
- ^ The official use of Serbian Cyrillic in Vukovar is subject to a dispute involving the local and national authorities, and is the source of a current political controversy. See #Minority languages.
References
- ^ نطقب:Croatian Census 2011
- ^ Antun, Mayer (1 April 1935). "Ime Mursa". Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu. 16 (1). Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- ^ Treasures of Yugoslavia, p.249.
- ^ Dizdar, Marko (2016). "Late La Tène Settlements in the Vinkovci Region (Eastern Slavonia, Croatia): Centres of Trade and Exchange" (PDF). Boii - Taurisci: Proceedings of the International Seminar, Oberleis-Klement, June 14th-15th, 2012. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press: 31–48. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ Treasures of Yugoslavia, published by Yugoslaviapublic, Beograd, available in English, German and Serbo-Croatian, 664 pages, 1980
- ^ Tucker, Spencer (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 2617. ISBN .
- ^ "Stanovništvo grada Vukovara" (in Croatian). Retrieved 4 May 2013.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "SAS Output". Dzs.hr. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
- ^ "Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske". Dzs.hr. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
- ^ "Consulates- Vukovar, Croatia". mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ shegrt1. "Gradovi i općine prijatelji Grada Vukovara". vukovar.hr.
Bibliography
- Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (10 July 2006). (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, Random House Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA. ISBN . Retrieved 10 March 2010.
وصلات خارجية
- Official site نطقب:Hr icon
- Tourist office Vukovar
- Photo Gallery of Vukovar
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Vukovar. |
نطقب:Vukovar نطقب:Subdivisions of Vukovar-Srijem County نطقب:County seats of Croatia نطقب:Croatian cities
