أدريان ريلاند

أدريان رلاند 1676 - 1718

آدريان ريلند (بالهولندية: Adriaan Reland ويُعهد أيضاً: بإسم Adriaen Reeland/Reelant ؛ (باللاتينية: Hadrianus Relandus) ‏( 1087 - 1130 هـ / 17 يوليو1676 في دى رييپ، شمال هولندا -خمسة فبراير 1718 م، اوترخت ) هوفقيه لغوي، مستشرق ورسام خرائط هولندي. وقد هجر أثراً طويل المدى وهام في أبحاث جغرافيا فلسطين القديمة.

في 1693 بسن الثالثة عشر، التحق بجامعة اوترخت لدراسة اللاهوت والفلسفة مع الهجريز على دراسة العبرية والسريانية. ولاحقاً غمر نفسه في دراسة اللغة العربية. وبعد حصوله على الدكتوراه من اوترخت، انتقل إلى لايدن. ثم عمل أستاذا في جامعة هاردويك، وكذلك في جامعة اوترخت.

He discovered the link for the Malay language to the western Pacific based dictionaries written by Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire. He also wrote poetry.

أبحاثه عن الشرق الأوسط

Amongst his important works is De religione Mohammedica libri duo from 1705, and published in extended version in 1717. This work is considered by some to be the first reasonably objective and systematic description of Islamic beliefs and practices and includes Arabic texts. It quickly became a reference work throughout Europe and was translated into Dutch, English, German, French and Spanish.

Reland did indepth research on the Middle Eastern locations and biblical geography and went on to write additional works dealing with the Semitic peoples of the region of Palestine. He published Antiquitates Sacrae veterum Hebraeorum (1708) and Palaestina ex monumentis Veteris illustrata (1714), in which he describes and maps in detail the geography of Palestine, based mainly on ancient sources.

Reland retained his professorship his whole life, dying in 1718 in Utrecht, of smallpox at the age of 41.

مختارات من أعماله

من آثاره كتاب «في الديانة المحمدية» و«فلسطين مشروحة حسب الآثار القديمة» (1714 م).

De religione Mohammedica libri duo - the first European work to attempt to describe the Islamic religion in an objective way, published in 1705 in Utrect, expanded in 1717
- Dutch Translation Verhandeling van de godsdienst der Mahometaanen, als mede van het krygs-regt by haar ten tyde van oorlog tegens de christenen gebruykelyk. Utrecht 1718
- English translation: Of the Mahometan Religion, Two books. London 1712
- German translation: Zwey Bücher von der Türkischen oder Mohammedischen Religion. Hannover 1716, 1717
- French translation: La Religion des Mahometans exposée par leurs propres Docteurs, avec des éclaircissemens sur les opinions qu'on leur a Faussement attribuées. The Hague 1721
Palaestina ex monumentis veteribus illustrata - a detailed geographical survey of biblical Palestine written in Latin and published by Willem Broedelet, Utrecht, in 1714.
- Dutch translation: Palestine opgeheldert, ofte they gelegentheyd van het Joodsche country.
Analecta rabbinica. Utrecht 1702, 1723
Dissertationum miscellanearum partes tres. Utrecht 1706-1708, ثلاثة Teile
Antiquitates sacrae veterum Hebraeorum. Utrecht 1708, 3. uppl. 1717, 1741
De nummis veterum Hebraeorum. Utrecht 1709
Brevis introductio ad grammaticam Hebraeam Altingianam. Utrecht 2. uppl. 1710, 1722 (Google books)
De natuurlijke wijsgeer - a Dutch translation of Ibn Tufail's Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, printed by Pieter van der Veer at Amsterdam in 1701.
Galatea. Lusus poetica - A collection of Latin love-elegies, which brought Reland some fame as a Neolatin poet, first published in Amsterdam in 1701.

المراجع

^ John Gorton, A General Biographical Dictionary, 1838, Whittaker & Co.
^ Power And Religion in Baroque Rome: Barberini Cultural Policies, P. J. A. N. Rietbergen, p.321
^ Dr. Zur Shalev, University of Haifa Digital Gallery, introduction to Reland's bookPalaestina ex monumentis veteribus illustrata
^ Adriaan Reland (1676-1718)
^ St John's College of Cambridge University Library
^ Empty citation (help)
^ Digital gallery of University of Haifa - Books in Foreign Languages
^ Hadriani Relandi Palaestina ex monumentis veteribus illustrata (1714)