يوكوس
| الاسم المحلي | Нефтяна́я Компа́ния Ю́КОС |
|---|---|
| الصناعة |
|
| المصير | أٌفلِست |
| تأسست | موسكو، روسيا (15 أبريل 1993) |
| نوفمبر 21, 2007 | |
| المقر الرئيسي | موسكو, روسيا |
| أشخاص رئيسيون |
|
OJSC "شركة يوكوس للنفط" (بالروسية: ОАО Нефтяна́я Компа́ния Ю́КОС, IPA: [ˈjukəs]؛ بالإنگليزية: Yukos Oil Company) كانت شركة نفط وغاز مقرها في موسكو، روسيا. يوكوس استحوذها من الحكومة الروسية بنك ميناتپ الذي يملكه الأوليگارخ الروسي ميخائيل خودوركوڤسكي أثناء the controversial مزادات "قروض لقاء حصص" في منتصف 1990. Between 1996 and 2003 Yukos became one of the biggest and most successful Russian companies, producing 20% of Russia's oil output. In October 2003, Khodorkovsky—by then the richest man in Russia and 16th richest man in the world—was arrested, and the company was forcibly broken up for alleged unpaid taxes shortly after and declared bankrupt in August 2006. Courts in several countries later ruled that the real intent was to destroy Yukos and obtain its assets for the government, and act politically against Khodorkovsky. In 2014 the largest arbitration award in history, $50 billion (€37,2 billion), was won by Yukos' former owners against Russia.. However this $50 billion award by the Permanent Court of Arbitration has been thrown out by the local court in The Hague as invalid.
From 2003-04 onwards, the Russian government presented Yukos with a series of tax claims totaling US$27 billion (€20,1 billion). As the government froze Yukos' assets at the same time, and alternative attempts to settle by Yukos were refused, the company was unable to pay these tax demands. Between 2004 and 2007, most of Yukos's assets were seized and transferred for a fraction of their value to state-owned oil companies.
التأسيس والسنوات المبكرة
The company was created on April 15, 1993 by Resolution №. 354 of the Russian government, following Presidential Decree №. 1403 (November 17, 1992),[] which had directed the government to transfer its directly owned oil and gas operations into separate companies, in preparation for privatization, with the aim of developing the oil and gas sector in Russia.
انظر أيضاً
- نزع الملكية للمنفعة العامة
- Oil price increases since 2003
- Hermitage Capital Management
المراجع
-
^ "Timeline: The rise and fall of Yukos". http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4041551.stm. May 31, 2005. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. External link in
|website=(help) - ^ "Yukos Creditors Told Russian Oil Company Is Doomed". Bloomberg. July 25, 2006. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
- ^ https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/28/us-russia-yukos-gml-idUSKBN0FX0O620140728
- ^ "Dutch court quashes $50 billion Yukos shareholders’ award" --AP news
- ^ "Yukos case against Russia begins at European court". BBC News. March 4, 2010.
- ^ "Russian state oil company wins another Yukos auction". New York Times. August 8, 2007.
وصلات خارجية
 |
هذه section بحاجة إلى تنظيف لكى تتوافق مع مستويات نموذج الشكل المتبع . ساعد على تحسين هذه الموضوعة إذا كان بإستطاعتك . نطقب:August 2014 |
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Yukos. |
Global Arbitration Review
- http://www.globalarbitrationreview.com/news/article/19521/tribunal-says-yukos-case-proceed-
- http://www.globalarbitrationreview.com/news/article/19544/yukos-result-positive-energy-investors-
- http://www.globalarbitrationreview.com/news/article/14948/yukos-case-begins-hague
- http://www.globalarbitrationreview.com/handbooks/3/sections/5/chapters/65/provisional-application-energy-charter-treaty
EN Charter
- http://www.encharter.org/index.php?id=213
- https://web.archive.org/web/20140810150145/http://www.encharter.org/index.php?id=213ECT
RIAN
- http://en.rian.ru/business/20080923/117050324.html
- http://en.rian.ru/business/20091201/157051114.html
آخرون
- "YUKOS owners win ruling in $100 billion case against Russia". Archived from the original on 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2009-12-05. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/256d0276-de0e-11de-b8e2-00144feabdc0.html
- "Court rules against Russia in Yukos case". Archived from the original on December 6, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2009. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/02/business/global/02yukos.html
- http://www.law.com/jsp/law/international/LawArticleIntl.jsp?id=1202436033122&Report_Shearman__Sterling_Wins_Round_for_Yukos_Shareholders
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 15, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2010. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- https://web.archive.org/web/20100329033006/http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1061
- http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/article5172520.ece
- http://article.wn.com/view/2008/11/17/Former_Yukos_owners_begin_50bn_claim_against_Russia
- "Russia brought to court by former Yukos owners". Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved November 22, 2008. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- [1]
- http://euobserver.com/9/26786
- http://www.ocnus.net/artman2/publish/Dark_Side_4/It_s_Yukos_Time_Again_printer.shtml
- http://www.law.com/jsp/llf/PubArticleLLF.jsp?id=1207651593396
- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1574408/This-time,-it's-Russia-in-the-dock.html
- Further information about the current YUKOS Oil Company claim in the European Court of Human Rights
بيانات
- Yahoo! – OAO NK Yukos company profile
منطقات
- Report: The Yukos Affair, its Motives and Implications (Centre for Eastern Studies)
- Khodorkovsky verdict: Business views Browder and Kraus
- Mysterious bidder pays $9.4 billion for Yukos unit(يتطلب اشتراك)
- Analysis: Gazprom's losing bid for Yukos? – (United Press International)
- Knight Ridder: Russia's dismantling of Yukos seen as part of a troubling trend
- Arrested oil tycoon passed shares to banker Jacob Rothschild – *Matteo M. Winkler, Arbitration without Privity and the Russian Oil: The Yukos Case before the Houston Court, already pub'ed in 27 U. PA. J. INT’L ECON. L. 115–153 (2006)
