| | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1884

سنة 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) كانت سنة كبيسة تبدأ يوم الثلاثاء (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1884 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 884 في الألفية 2، السنة 84 في القرن 19، والسنة خمسة في عقد 1880 بين 1583 و1929 ومع فارق 1884 is 12 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.

أحداث

يناير-مارس

• January أربعة - The Fabian Society is founded in London.
• Januaryخمسة - Gilbert and Sullivan's Princess Ida premières at the Savoy Theatre، London.
• January 18 - Dr. William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law، he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14، setting a legal precedent.
• February 1 - A New English Dictionary on historical principles, part 1 (edited by James A. H. Murray), the first fascicle of what will become The Oxford English Dictionary, is published in England.

• 5 فبراير - Derby County Football Club is founded in England.
• 13 مارس - حصار الخرطوم (بالسودان) يبدأ (وينتهي في 26 يناير، 1885).

أبريل-يونيو

• April 20 - Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus, denouncing Freemasonry and certain liberal beliefs which he considers to be associated with it.
• April 22
  • A German protectorate is established over South-West Africa.
  • The Colchester earthquake، England, the UK's most destructive, occurs.
• May 1 - The eight-hour workday is first proclaimed by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in the United States. This date, called May Day or Labour Day, becomes a holiday recognized in almost every industrialized country.
• May 16
  • Angelo Moriondo of Turin is granted a patent for an espresso machine.
  • Sweden's Finance Minister Robert Themptander becomes his country's Prime Minister (1884–88).
• June أربعة (N.S.) (May 23 O.S.) - The future flag of Estonia is consecrated, as the flag of the Estonian Students' Society.
• June 13 - LaMarcus Adna Thompson opens the "Gravity Pleasure Switchback Railway" at Coney Island، New York City.
• June 28 - The Norwegian Association for Women's Rights is founded.

يوليو-سبتمبر

• July ثلاثة - The Dow Jones Transportation Average، consisting of eleven transportation-related companies (nine railroads and two non-rail companies, Western Union and Pacific Mail), is created. The index is the oldest stock index still in use.
• Julyخمسة - Germany takes possession of Togoland.
• July 14 - German administration is established in Cameroon.
• July 23 - Today's Courier records the first tennis tournaments held on the grounds of Shrubland Hall, Leamington Spa، England.
• Augustخمسة - The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island، in New York Harbor.
• Augustعشرة - An earthquake measuring 5.5
  تحديث محتويات هذه الصفحة

affects a very large portion of the eastern United States. The shock has a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). Chimneys are toppled in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Property damage is severe in Jamaica, Queens and Amityville, New York.

• August 22 - The Sino-French War (for control of Tonkin) breaks out (continues to April 1885).
• August 23 - Sino-French War - Battle of Fuzhou: French Admiral Amédée Courbet's Far East Squadron virtually destroys China's Fujian Fleet.
• Septemberخمسة - Staten Island Academy is founded.
• September 15 - The invention of local anesthesia by Karl Koller is made public, at a medical congress in Heidelberg، Germany.

أكتوبر-ديسمبر

• 6 أكتوبر - الكلية الحربية البحرية للولايات المتحدة تتأسس في نيوپورت، رود آيلند.
• October 18 - The University of Wales, Bangor (UK) is founded.
• October 22
  • The International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C. fixes the Greenwich meridian as the world's prime meridian.
  • Letitia Alice Walkington becomes the first woman to receive a degree from the Royal University of Ireland.
• November 1 - The Irish Gaelic Athletic Association is founded in Thurles, Ireland.
• November 2 - Timișoara، Romania is the first town in Europe with streets illuminated by electric light.
• November أربعة - United States presidential election, 1884: Democratic Governor of New York Grover Cleveland defeats Republican James G. Blaine in a very close contest, to win the first of his non-consecutive terms.
• November 15 - The Berlin Conference، which regulates European colonisation and trade in Africa, begins (ends February 26, 1885).
• December 1
  • American Old West: Near Frisco, New Mexico، deputy sheriff Elfego Baca holds off a gang of 80 Texan cowboys, who want to kill him for arresting cowboy Charles McCarthy (the cowboys were terrorizing the area's Hispanos، and Baca was working against them).
  • Porfirio Díaz returns as President of Mexico، an office he will hold until 1911.
• December أربعة - Reformers in Korea who admire the Meiji Restoration in Japan stage the Gapsin Coup، with Japan's help. China intervenes to rescue the king, and help suppress the rebels.
• Decemberستة - The Washington Monument is completed in Washington, D.C., becoming the tallest structure in the world at this date.
• December 10
  • The Third Reform Act widens the adult male electorate in the United Kingdom to around 60%.
  • Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is first published, in London.
• December 16 - The World Cotton Centennial world's fair opens in New Orleans.

مجهولة التاريخ

• The first Christian missionary arrives in Korea.
• Police training schools are established in every prefecture in Japan.
• The Yellow Crane Tower last burns in Wuhan.
• Parliamentarism is introduced in Norway.
• Scottish Plymouth Brethren missionary Frederick Stanley Arnot identifies the source of the Zambezi River, near Kalene Hill.
• The first ascent is made of Castle Mountain in the Canadian Rockies، by geologist Arthur Philemon Coleman.
• The Stefan–Boltzmann law is reformulated by Ludwig Boltzmann.
• Mexican General Manuel Mondragón creates the Mondragón rifle، the world's first automatic rifle.
• The water hyacinth is introduced in the United States, and quickly becomes an invasive species.
• Leicester City F.C. is formed as Leicester Fosse Football Club in England.
• An economic depression hits the United States.
• The Fredrika Bremer Association is founded in Sweden.

مواليد

يناير-مارس

• January 1
  • Papa Celestin، American jazz bandleader, singer, cornetist, and trumpeter (ت. 1954)
  • Konstantinos Tsaldaris، Greek politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Greece (ت. 1970)
• January 2 - Ben-Zion Dinur، Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician (ت. 1973)
• January 12
  • Texas Guinan، American vaudeville performer (ت. 1933)
  • Charles Armijo Woodruff، 11th Governor of American Samoa (ت. 1945)
• January 13 - Sophie Tucker، Russian-born singer, comedian (ت. 1966)
• January 20 - Charles Whittlesey، United States Army officer, commander of the Lost Battalion in World War I (ت. 1921)
• January 21 - Roger Nash Baldwin، American social activist (ت. 1981)
• January 23 - Ralph DePalma، Italian-born race car driver (ت. 1956)
• January 24 - Thomas Blamey، Australian field marshal (ت. 1951)
• January 26 - Roy Chapman Andrews، American explorer, adventurer, and naturalist (ت. 1960)
• January 28 - Auguste Piccard، Swiss physicist, balloonist, and inventor (ت. 1962)
• January 29 - Rickard Sandler، 20th Prime Minister of Sweden (ت. 1964)
• January 30
  • Sōjin Kamiyama، Japanese actor in American silent films,(d. 1954)
  • Pedro Pablo Ramírez، 26th President of Argentina، leader of World War II (ت. 1962)
• January 31 - Theodor Heuss، German politician, publicist (ت. 1963)
• February 1 - Bradbury Robinson، American football player, who threw the first forward pass in American football history in 1906 (ت. 1949)
• Februaryثمانية - Burt Mustin، American actor (ت. 1977)
• Februaryعشرة - Frederick Hawksworth، GWR chief mechanical engineer (ت. 1976)
• February 12
  • Max Beckmann، German painter, graphic artist (ت. 1950)
  • Marie Vassilieff، Russian artist (ت. 1957)
  • يوهان لايدونر، شخصية مشهورة في تاريخ إستونيا بين الحربين العالميتين (ت.1953)
• February 13 - Alfred Carlton Gilbert، American athlete, inventor (ت. 1961)
• February 16 - Robert J. Flaherty، American filmmaker (ت. 1951)
• February 17 - María Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo، Filipino Roman Catholic nun and servant of God (ت. 1957)
• February 18 - Andrew Watson Myles، Canadian politician (ت. 1970)
• February 22 - Lew Cody، American actor (ت. 1934)
• February 26 - John Cyril Porte، Irish-born British flying boat pioneer (ت. 1919)
• 28 فبراير - أنتس پيپ، رئيس وزراء إستونيا (ت. 1942)
• Marchستة - R. Williams Parry، Welsh poet (ت. 1956)
• March 13 - Sir Hugh Walpole، English novelist (ت. 1941)
• March 17 - Alcide Nunez، American jazz musician (ت. 1934)
• March 21 - George David Birkhoff، American mathematician (ت. 1944)
• March 24 - Peter Debye، Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (ت. 1966)
• March 25 - Georges Imbert، Alsatian chemist (ت. 1950)
• March 26
  • Wilhelm Backhaus، German pianist (ت. 1969)
  • Isaac C. Kidd، American admiral (ت. 1941)
  • Paul Legentilhomme، French general (ت. 1975)
• March 27 - James Cruze، American motion picture director (ت. 1942)

أبريل-يونيو

• April أربعة - Isoroku Yamamoto، Japanese admiral (ت. 1943)
• Aprilخمسة - Ion Inculeț، President of Moldova (ت. 1940)
• Aprilسبعة - Bronisław Malinowski، Polish anthropologist (ت. 1942)
• April 12 - Otto Fritz Meyerhof، German-born physician, biochemist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (ت. 1951)
• April 20 - Oliver Kirk، American Olympic boxer (و. 1960)
• April 22
  • Tenby Davies، Welsh half-mile world champion runner (ت. 1932)
  • Armas Launis، Finnish composer, ethnomusicologist (ت. 1959)
• April 24 - Otto Froitzheim، German tennis player (ت. 1962)
• May 1 - Henry Norwest، Canadian World War I sniper (ت. 1918)
• Mayخمسة - Jean Decoux، French admiral, Governor-General of French Indochina (1940-1945) (ت. 1963)
• Mayثمانية - Harry S. Truman، 33rd President of the United States (ت. 1972)
• Mayعشرة - Olga Petrova، English-born actress (ت. 1977)
• May 14 - Claude Dornier، German aircraft designer (ت. 1969)
• May 20 - Leon Schlesinger، American producer, filmmaker (ت. 1949)
• May 21 - Manuel Pérez y Curis، Uruguayan poet (ت. 1920)
• May 23 - Corrado Gini، Italian statistician, demographer and sociologist (ت. 1965)
• May 27 - Max Brod، Austrian author (ت. 1968)
• May 28 - Edvard Beneš، Czechoslovak politician (ت. 1948)
• May 30
  • Siegmund Glücksmann، German-Jewish politician (ت. 1942)
  • Robert "Fuzzy" Theobald، American admiral (ت. 1957)
• Juneخمسة - Doris 'Dodo' Große، German artists' model, lover of Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (year of death unknown)
• June 13
  • Anton Drexler، German far-right politician (ت. 1942)
  • Gerald Gardner، English founder of the Wiccan religion (ت. 1964)
• June 17 - Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland (ت. 1965)
• 18 يونيو- إدوار دالادييه، رئيس وزراء فرنسا (ت. 1970)
• June 21
  • Claude Auchinleck، British field marshal (ت. 1981)
  • Gordon Lowe، British tennis player (ت. 1972)
• June 23 - Cyclone Taylor، Canadian ice hockey player (ت. 1979)
• June 27 - Gaston Bachelard، French philosopher (ت. 1962)
• June 29 - William Whitworth، senior British Royal Navy officer (ت. 1973)
• June 30 - Franz Halder، German general (ت. 1972)

يوليو-سبتمبر

• July 2 - Alfons Maria Jakob، German neurologist (ت. 1931)
• July 4
  • Gustaf Malmström، Swedish wrestler (ت. 1970)
  • Pauline Carton، French actress (ت. 1974)
• Julyسبعة - J. Roy Hunt، American motion picture cameraman and cinematographer (ت. 1972)
• July 11 - Howard Estabrook، American actor, film director and producer, and screenwriter (ت. 1978)
• July 12
  • Robert McKeen، New Zealand politician (ت. 1974)
  • Edgar Stehli، American actor (ت. 1973)
  • Amedeo Modigliani، Italian painter, sculptor (ت. 1920)
• July 15 - Phraya Manopakorn Nititada، Thailand's first Prime Minister (ت. 1948)
• July 17 - Prince George Bagration (ت. 1957)
• July 18
  • Alberto di Jorio، former head of the Vatican Bank، secretary of the 1958 conclave (ت. 1979)
  • Alexandra Tolstaya، Russian activist (ت. 1979)
• July 19 - Maurice Nicoll، British psychiatrist (ت. 1953)
• July 23 - Emil Jannings، Swiss-born German actor (ت. 1950)
• July 25 - Rafael Arévalo Martínez، Guatemalan writer (ت. 1975)
• July 27 - Kathleen Howard، Canadian/American opera singer, character actress (ت. 1956)
• August 2 - Rómulo Gallegos، 48th President of Venezuela (ت. 1969)
• August أربعة - Billie Burke، American actress (ت. 1970)
• Augustثمانية - Sara Teasdale، American poet (ت. 1933)
• Augustتسعة - John S. McCain, Sr.، American admiral (ت. 1945)
• August 10
  • Robert G. Fowler، American pioneer aviator (ت. 1966)
  • Robert Pohl، German "Father of solid state physics" (ت. 1976)
  • Panait Istrati، Romanian writer (ت. 1935)
• August 15 - Mary Nash، American actress (ت. 1976)
• August 20 - Rudolf Bultmann، German Lutheran theologian (ت. 1976)
• August 23 - Will Cuppy، American humorist (ت. 1949)
• August 27
  • Harry Antrim، American actor (ت. 1967)
  • Vincent Auriol، 16th President of France (ت. 1966)
• August 28 - Peter Fraser، 24th Prime Minister of New Zealand (ت. 1950)
• August 30 - Theodor Svedberg، Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (ت. 1971)
• September 1 - Richard C. Saufley، American naval aviation pioneer (ت. 1916)
• September 13 - Petros Voulgaris، Prime Minister of Greece (ت. 1957)
• September 17 - Charles Tomlinson Griffes، American composer (ت. 1920)
• September 18 - Margit Slachta، Hungarian politician (ت. 1974)
• 24 سبتمبر
  • عصمت إينونو، جندي ورجل دولة هجري، ورئيس وزراء هجريا لثلاث مرات ورئيس هجريا الثاني (ت. 1973)
  • Hugo Schmeisser، German weapons designer (ت. 1953)
• September 25 - Forrest Smithson، American Olympic athlete (ت. 1962)
• September 30 - Bessie Barriscale، American actress (ت. 1965)

أكتوبر-ديسمبر

• Octoberسبعة - Major Harold Geiger، U.S. Army aviation pioneer (ت. 1927)
• Octoberتسعة - Martin Johnson، American adventurer, documentary filmmaker (ت. 1937)
• October 11
  • Friedrich Bergius، German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (ت. 1949)
  • إليانور روزڤلت، سياسية ودبلوماسية وناشطة أمريكية، والسيدة الأولى للولايات المتحدة (ت. 1962)
• October 16 - Rembrandt Bugatti، Italian sculptor (ت. 1916)
• October 24 - Arthur S. Carpender، American admiral (ت. 1960)
• October 28 - William Douglas Cook، New Zealand founder of Eastwoodhill Arboretum and Pukeiti (ت. 1967)
• November أربعة - Harry Ferguson، Irish engineer, inventor (ت. 1960)
• November 20
  • Loyal Blaine Aldrich، American astronomer (ت. 1965)
  • Norman Thomas، American social reformer (ت. 1968)
• November 22 - Syed Sulaiman Nadvi، Indian/Pakistani historian, biographer, littérateur and scholar of Islam (ت. 1953)
• November 24 - Yitzhak Ben-Zvi، 2nd President of Israel (ت. 1963)
• December 3
  • Walther Stampfli، member of the Swiss Federal Council (ت. 1965)
  • Rajendra Prasad، Indian politician, 1st President of India (ت. 1963)
• December أربعة - R. C. Majumdar، Indian historian (ت. 1980)
• Decemberسبعة - Petru Groza، Romanian politician, 46th Prime Minister of Romania (ت. 1958)
• December 14 - Nicholas Charnetsky، Soviet Orthodox priest, bishop, martyr and blessed (ت. 1959)
• December 17 - Alison Uttley، English writer of children's books (ت. 1976)
• December 19 - Antonín Zápotocký، 6th President and 15th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (ت. 1957)
• December 22 - Bartlett Adamson، Australian journalist, poet, author and political activist (ت. 1951)
• 25 ديسمبر
  • Samuel Berger، American Olympic boxer (و. 1925)
  • Evelyn Nesbit، American model, actress (ت. 1967)
• December 29 - Ted Theodore، Australian politician, Premier of Queensland (ت. 1950)
• 30 ديسمبر - هيدكي توجو، جنرال ياباني، ورئيس وزراء اليابان رقم 27 (ت. 1948)
• December 31 - Stanley Forman Reed، Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (ت. 1980)

مجهولة التاريخ

• M. Louise Gross، American politician, lobbyist (ت. 1951)
• Wyncie King، American illustrator (ت. 1961)
• Catherine Schleimer-Kill، Luxemburgian women's rights activist (ت. 1973)
• أيوب تابت، رئيس وزراء لبنان السادس (ت. 1947)

وفيات

يناير-يونيو

• Januaryستة - گريگور مندل، عالم وراثة تشيكي (و. 1822)
• January 25 - Johann Gottfried Piefke، German conductor, composer (و. 1815)
• Februaryثمانية - Cetshwayo kaMpande، Zulu king (و. 1826)
• February 14
  • Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt، first wife of Theodore Roosevelt (و. 1861)
  • Martha Bulloch Roosevelt، mother of Theodore Roosevelt (و. 1835)
• February 26 - Emmanuel Félix de Wimpffen، French general (و. 1811)
• March 1 - Isaac Todhunter، English mathematician (و. 1820)
• March 13 - Leland Stanford, Jr.، son of Governor Leland Stanford of California، in whose memory Stanford University was founded (و. 1868)
• March 19 - Elias Lönnrot، Finnish philologist, collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry (و. 1802)
• March 21
  • Ezra Abbot، American Bible scholar (و. 1819)
  • Constantin A. Crețulescu، 7th Prime Minister of Romania (و. 1809)
• March 23 - Henry C. Lord، American railroad executive (و. 1824)
• March 28 - Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany، youngest son of Queen Victoria (و. 1853)
• April 1 - Marie Litton، English stage actress (و. 1847)
• April أربعة - Marie Bashkirtseff، Russian artist (و. 1858)
• Aprilستة - Emanuel Geibel، German poet, dramatist (و. 1815)
• April 24 - Marie Taglioni، Swedish-Italian ballerina (و. 1804)
• Mayستة - Judah P. Benjamin، Cabinet officer of the Confederate States (و. 1811)
• May 12 - Bedřich Smetana، Czech composer (و. 1824)
• May 13 - Cyrus McCormick، American inventor (و. 1809)
• May 29 - Sir Henry Bartle Frere، British colonial administrator (و. 1815)
• June 19 - Juan Bautista Alberdi، Argentine politician, writer and main Constitution promoter (و. 1810)
• June 21 - Alexander, Prince of Orange، heir apparent to the Dutch throne (و. 1851)
• June 25 - Hans Rott، Austrian composer (و. 1858)

يوليو-ديسمبر

• 1 يوليو- Allan Pinkerton، American detective (و. 1819)
• Julyعشرة - Paul Morphy، American chess player (و. 1837)
• July 15
  • Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley، British diplomat (و. 1804)
  • Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps، American educator, author (و. 1793)
• Augustتسعة - Annestine Beyer، Danish reform pedagogue (و. 1795)
• August 18 - Mary C. Ames، American writer (و. 1831)
• 10 سبتمبر - جروج بنتم، عالم نبات إنگليزي (و. 1800)
• 13 سبتمبر - سليمان البستاني، أديب.
• October أربعة - Leona Florentino، Filipina poet (و. 1849)
• Octoberسبعة - Bernard Petitjean، French Roman Catholic missionary to Japan (و. 1829)
• October 16 - Bernice Pauahi Bishop، Hawaiian ali‘i (و. 1831)
• October 18 - William VIII, Duke of Brunswick (و. 1806)
• November ثلاثة - Menyhért Lónyay، 5th Prime Minister of Hungary (و. 1822)
• November 16 - František Chvostek، Moravian physician (و. 1835)
• 25 نوفمبر - أدولف ڤلهلم هرمان كولبه، كيميائي ألماني (و. 1818)
• December 1 - William Swainson، second, and last, Attorney-General of the Crown Colony of New Zealand (و. 1809)
• December ثلاثة - Jane Lundie Bonar، Scottish hymnwriter (و. 1821)

المراجع

للاستزادة وخط العام

• (1885) highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1884; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 855pp

ru-sib:1884