ثورة الجهرية
Jahriyya revolt (1781) or Salar revolt | |||||||
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الخصوم | |||||||
Qing Empire, Khafiya (Khufiyya) Sufi Muslims | Rebel Jahriyya Sufi Muslims | ||||||
القادة والزعماء | |||||||
Heshen, Agui, Fuk'anggan, Li Shiyao | Ma Mingxin, Su Sishisan | ||||||
القوات | |||||||
Loyalist Khufiyya Sufi Muslim and Gedimu Muslim Hui troops, Han Green Standard Army, Tibetans, Manchu Mongol and Han Eight Banners. | Rebel Jahriyya Sufi Muslim Hui, Rebel Jahriyya Sufi Muslim Salars,Santa people, Han Chinese rebels | , 3,000 from Xunhua
الإسلام في الصين |
تاريخ الإسلام في الصين |
تاريخ |
العمارة |
مساجد صينية |
الشخصيات الرئيسية |
• • |
الجماعات العرقية |
هوي • • ويغور |
المدن والمناطق الإسلامية |
• |
الثقافة |
الجمعية الإسلامية للصين |
In the Jahriyya revolt of 1781 sectarian violence between two suborders of the Naqshbandi Sufis, the Jahriyya Sufi Muslims and their rivals, the Khafiyya Sufi Muslims, led to Qing intervention to stop the fighting between the two, which in turn led to a Jahriyya Sufi Muslim rebellion which the Qing dynasty in China crushed with the help of the Khufiyya (Khafiyya) Sufi Muslims.
Due to street fighting and lawsuits between the Jahriyya and Khufiyya Sufi orders, Ma Mingxin was arrested to stop the sectarian violence between the Sufis. The Jahriyya then tried to violently jailbreak Ma Mingxin which lead to his execution and the crushing of the Jahriyya rebels. The Qing used Xinjiang as a place to put deported Jahriyya rebels.
The Khufiyya Sufis and Gedimu joined together against the Jahriyya Sufis whom they fiercely opposed and differed from in practices.
Salar Jahriyyas were among those deported to Xinjiang. Some Han Chinese joined and fought alongside the Jahriyya Salar Muslim rebels in their revolt. Muslim loyalists fought for the Qing.Jahriyya followers were also deported to Guizhou and Yunnan. The Jahriyya were labelled as the "New Teaching".
Corruption and embezzlement by officials was suggested as a contributing factor to the violence.
The Dungan Revolt (1895–96) broke out in the same place as the Jahriyya revolt for very similar reasons, sectarian violence and lawsuits between two Naqshbandi Sufi orders which the Qing tried to resolve.
Ma Mingxin's descendant was Ma Yuanzhang.
المراجع
- ^ Michael Dillon (1999). . Psychology Press. p. 122. ISBN .
- ^ Matthew S. Erie (September 2016). . Cambridge University Press. p. 52. ISBN .
- ^ Glauco D'Agostino (2013-10-14). . Gangemi Editore Spa. p. 46. ISBN .
- ^ . Center for Asian Studies, University of Illinois. 1975. p. 227.
- ^ Dru C. Gladney (1 January 1991). . Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University. p. 50. ISBN .
- ^ Jonathan N. Lipman (1 July 2011). . University of Washington Press. p. 101. ISBN .
- ^ Jonathan N. Lipman (1 July 2011). . University of Washington Press. p. 102. ISBN .
- ^ Jonathan N. Lipman (1 July 2011). . University of Washington Press. p. 108. ISBN .
- ^ Arienne M. Dwyer (2007). . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN .
- ^ Joint Committee on Chinese Studies (U.S.) (1987). . p. 41.
- ^ Jonathan N. Lipman; Jonathan Neaman Lipman; Stevan Harrell (1990). . SUNY Press. p. 76. ISBN .
- ^ Lipman, Jonathan N. “Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu.” Modern China, vol. 10, no. 3, 1984, pp. 293-294. JSTOR, JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/189017?seq=9#page_scan_tab_contents.
- ^ Jonathan N. Lipman (1 July 2011). . University of Washington Press. p. 107. ISBN .
- ^ Michael Dillon (16 December 2013). . Taylor & Francis. p. 123. ISBN .
- ^ Arienne M. Dwyer (2007). . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 21. ISBN .
- ^ Jonathan N. Lipman (1 July 2011). . University of Washington Press. p. 130. ISBN .
- ^ Karen G. Turner; James V. Feinerman; R. Kent Guy (1 May 2015). . University of Washington Press. p. 123. ISBN .
- ^ Jonathan N. Lipman (1 July 2011). . University of Washington Press. p. 178. ISBN .
- ^ Jonathan N. Lipman (1 July 2011). . University of Washington Press. p. 96. ISBN .
- ^ Lipman, Jonathan N. “Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu.” Modern China, vol. 10, no. 3, 1984, p. 298. JSTOR, JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/189017?seq=14#page_scan_tab_contents.
- ^ Lipman, Jonathan N. “Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu.” Modern China, vol. 10, no. 3, 1984, p. 299. JSTOR, JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/189017?seq=15#page_scan_tab_contents.
- ^ Jonathan N. Lipman (1 July 2011). . University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN .
انظر أيضاً
- Muslim groups in China
- تمرد الدونگان
- تمرد الدونگان (1895–1896)
- List of rebellions in China
- الإسلام في الصين
- تاريخ الإسلام في الصين
- Islam during the Qing Dynasty
- Ma Yuanzhang
نطقب:China-hist-stub