فترة نانبوكو-چو (南北朝時代, Nanboku-chō jidai, "فترة البلاط الجنوبي والشمالي"، وتُعهد أيضاً بإسم فترة البلاطين الشمالي والجنوبي)، التي تمتد من 1334 إلى 1392، كانت فترة حدثت أثناء السنوات المشكـِّلة لـموروماتشي باكوفوفي تاريخ اليابان.

During this period, there existed a Northern Imperial Court, established by Ashikaga Takauji in Kyoto, and a Southern Imperial Court, established by Emperor Go-Daigo in Yoshino.

Ideologically, the two courts fought for fifty years, with the South giving up to the North in 1392. However, in reality the Northern line was under the power of the Ashikaga shoguns and had little real independence.

Since the 19th century the Emperors of the Southern Imperial Court have been considered the legitimate Emperors of Japan. Other contributing factors were the Southern Court's control of the Japanese imperial regalia, and Kitabatake Chikafusa's work Jinnō Shōtōki, which legitimized the South's imperial court despite their defeat.

The consequences of events in this period continue to be influential in modern Japan's conventional view of the Tennō Seika (Emperor system). Under the influence of State Shinto, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the Southern Court. After World War II, a series of pretenders, starting with Kumazawa Hiromichi, claimed descent from the Southern Court and challenged the legitimacy of the modern imperial line which is descended from the Northern Court.

The destruction of the Kamakura shogunate of 1333 and the failure of the Kemmu Restoration in 1336 opened up a legitimacy crisis for the new shogunate. Furthermore, institutional changes in the estate system (the shōen) that formed the bedrock of the income of nobles and warriors alike decisively altered the status of the various social groups. What emerged from the exigencies of the Nanboku-chō (Southern and Northern Court) War was the Muromachi regime, which broadened the economic base of the warriors while undercutting the noble proprietors, a trend that had started already with the Kamakura bakufu.

سقوط باكوفو كاماكورا

نطقب:Campaignbox Nanboku-chō Wars

استعادة كمـّو: 1333-1336

روابط التبعية وبزوع باكوفو مورُماتشي

بزوغ أمراء شوگو

حادث كانـّووthe resurgence of the Southern Court in the 1350s

أباطرة البلاط الجنوبي

• Emperor Go-Daigo 「後醍醐天皇」(1288–1339, r. 1318–1339)
• Emperor Go-Murakami 「後村上天皇」(1328–1368, r. 1339–1368))
• Emperor Chōkei 「長慶天皇」(1343–1394, r. 1368–1383)
• Emperor Go-Kameyama 「後亀山天皇」(1347–1424, r. 1383–1392)

أباطرة البلاط الشمالي

• Northern Ashikaga Pretender 1: Emperor Kōgon「光厳天皇」(1313–1364, r. 1331–1333)
• Northern Ashikaga Pretender 2: Emperor Kōmyō「光明天皇」(1322–1380, r. 1336–1348) *
• Northern Ashikaga Pretender 3: Emperor Sukō「崇光天皇」(1334–1398, r. 1348–1351)
• Interregnum, November 26, 1351 until September 25, 1352
• Northern Ashikaga Pretender 4: Emperor Go-Kōgon「後光厳天皇」(1338–1374, r. 1352–1371) *
• Northern Ashikaga Pretender 5: Emperor Go-En'yū「後円融天皇」(1359–1393, r. 1371–1382) *

الهامش

a. Shugo (守護?) was a title, commonly translated as "Governor", given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan.

b. The verb "to enfeoff" is defined by the Random House Dictionary of the English Language as:"1) to invest with a freehold estate in land" and 2) "to give as a fief".

c. The story of Tadayoshi's alleged plot to assassinate Moronao is part of the Taiheiki.

الهامش

للاستزادة

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