كراي كراسنويارسك
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Krasnoyarsk Krai Красноярский край (Russian) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — Krai — | |||||
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| الوضع السياسي | |||||
| البلد | روسيا | ||||
| المنطقة الاتحادية | Siberian | ||||
| المنطقة الاقتصادية | East Siberian | ||||
| تأسست | December 7, 1934 | ||||
| Krai Day | December 7 | ||||
| Administrative center | Krasnoyarsk | ||||
| الحكم (as of September 2017) | |||||
| • Governor | Alexander Uss (acting) | ||||
| • التشريع | Legislative Assembly | ||||
| إحصائيات | |||||
| المساحة (as of the 2002 Census) | |||||
| • الإجمالية | 2,339,700 kم2 (903,400 ميل2) | ||||
| ترتيب المساحة | 2nd | ||||
| التعداد (2010 Census) | |||||
| • الإجمالي | 2٬828٬187 | ||||
| • الترتيب | 13th | ||||
| • Density | 1.21/كم2 (3.1/ميل2) | ||||
| • الحضري | 76.3% | ||||
| • الريفي | 23.7% | ||||
| التعداد (March 2015 est.) | |||||
| • الإجمالي | 2٬858٬700 | ||||
| منطقة التوقيت | KRAT/KRAST (UTC+7/+8) | ||||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-KYA | ||||
| لوحات السيارات | 24, 124 | ||||
| اللغات الرسمية | الروسية | ||||
| المسقط الرسمي | |||||
كراسنويارسك كراي (روسية: Красноя́рский край, النطق Krasnoyarsky kray; النطق الروسي: [krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj]) هي إحدى الكيانات الفدرالية في روسيا. وتحوي المدن والقرى التالية: أتشينسك، أرتيوموفسك، بوغوتول، بورودينو، ديفنوغورسك، دودينكا، إيغاركا، إيلانسكي، كانسك، كودينسك، كراسنويارسك، لسوسيبيرسك، مينوسينسك، نازاروفو، نوريلسك، شاريبوفو، سوسنوفوبورسك، أويار، أوجور، يينيسيسك، زاوزيورني، زيلينوغورسك، كراسنويارسك كراي، جيليزنوغورسك، كراسنويارسك كراي،
الجغرافيا
The krai lies in the middle of Siberia, and occupies nearly half of the Siberian Federal District, almost splitting it in half, stretching 3,000 km from the Sayan Mountains in the south along the Yenisei River to the Taymyr Peninsula in the north. It borders (counting clockwise from the sea) the Sakha Republic, Irkutsk, the Tuva Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, and Kemerovo, Tomsk, and Tyumen Oblasts, and the Kara Sea and Laptev Sea of the Arctic Ocean in the north.
التاريخ
According to archaeologists, the first people reached Siberia circa 40,000 BCE. The grave-mounds and monuments of the Scythian culture in Krasnoyarsk Krai belong to the 7th century BCE and are ones of the oldest in Eurasia. A prince's grave, the Kurgan Arshan, discovered in 2001, is also located in the krai.
Russian settlement of the area (mostly by Cossacks) began in the 17th century. After the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway the Russian colonization of the area strongly increased.
During both the Tsarist and the Bolsheviks' times the territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai was used as a place of exile of political enemies. The first leaders of the Soviet state, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin were exiled to what is now the krai in 1897–1900 and 1903, respectively. In Stalin's era numerous Gulag camps were located in the region.
In 1822, the Yeniseysk Governorate was created with Krasnoyarsk as its administrative center that covered territory very similar to that of the current krai.
On June 30, 1908, in the basin of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River, there occurred a powerful explosion most likely to have been caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet fragment at an altitude of 5–10 kilometers (3–6 miles) above Earth's surface. The force of the explosion is estimated to be about 10–15 megatons. It flattened more than 2,000 square kilometers (500,000 acres) of pine forest and killed thousands of reindeer.
Krasnoyarsk Krai was created in 1934 after disaggregation of the West Siberian and East Siberian Krais and later included Taymyr and Evenk Autonomous Okrugs and Khakas Autonomous Oblast. In 1991, Khakassia separated from the krai and became a republic within the Russian Federation.
On January 1, 2007, following a referendum on the issue held on April 17, 2005, territories of Evenk and Taymyr Autonomous Okrugs were merged into the krai.
السياسة
التقسيمات الادارية
Krasnoyarsk Krai consists of forty-four districts and fourteen towns of district significance. Two of the districts (Evenkiysky and Taymyrsky; the former autonomous okrugs) have special status.
الديمغرافيا
Population (including former Taymyr and Evenk Autonomous Okrugs): 3٬023٬525 (تعداد 2002); 3٬596٬260 (تعداد 1989).
Ethnic groups: The population of the krai mostly consists of Russians, and some other peoples of the former Soviet Union. The indigenous Siberian peoples make up no more than 1% of the population.
The 2010 Census reported the following ethnic composition:
- Russians: 91.3%
- Ukrainians: 1.4%
- تتار: 1.3%
- Germans: 0.8%
- Azeri: 0.6%
- Belarusians: 0.4%
- Chuvash: 0.4%
- others: 2.5%
- 100,621 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
- Births (Jan-Aug 2009): 25,520 (13.3 per 1000)
- Deaths (Jan-Aug 2009): 25,183 (13.1 per 1000)
As of August 2009, Krasnoyarsk Krai recorded a natural growth of population for the first time in 16 years.
Total fertility rate:
2003 - 1,35 | 2004 - 1,35 | 2005 - 1,31 | 2006 - 1,33 | 2007 - 1,44 | 2008 - 1,55 | 2009 - 1,61 | 2010 - 1,64 | 2011 - 1,64 | 2012 - 1,75 | 2013 - 1,78 | 2014 - 1,81 | 2015 - 1,84 | 2016 - 1,82(e)
- Vital statistics for 2012
- Births: 41 098 (14.5 per 1000)
- Deaths: 36 726 (12.9 per 1000)
- Total fertility rate: 1.75
الديمغرافيا في 2007
| District | Pop | Births | Deaths | NG | BR | DR | NGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Krasnoyarsk Krai | 2,890,350 | 34,206 | 38,470 | -4,264 | 11.83 | 13.31 | -0.15% |
| Taimirsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District | 37,768 | 592 | 335 | 257 | 15.67 | 8.87 | 0.68% |
| Evenkiysky District | 16,705 | 304 | 233 | 71 | 18.20 | 13.95 | 0.43% |
| Abansky District | 24,997 | 346 | 419 | -73 | 13.84 | 16.76 | -0.29% |
| Achinsky District | 15,918 | 226 | 253 | -27 | 14.20 | 15.89 | -0.17% |
| Balakhtinsky District | 23,761 | 281 | 409 | -128 | 11.83 | 17.21 | -0.54% |
| Beryozovsky District | 38,527 | 483 | 543 | -60 | 12.54 | 14.09 | -0.16% |
| Birilyussky District | 11,431 | 159 | 228 | -69 | 13.91 | 19.95 | -0.60% |
| Bogotolsky District | 11,371 | 151 | 233 | -82 | 13.28 | 20.49 | -0.72% |
| Boguchansky District | 48,312 | 585 | 626 | -41 | 12.11 | 12.96 | -0.08% |
| Bolshemurtinsky District | 19,292 | 207 | 398 | -191 | 10.73 | 20.63 | -0.99% |
| Bolsheuluysky District | 8,540 | 112 | 157 | -45 | 13.11 | 18.38 | -0.53% |
| Dzerzhinsky District | 15,025 | 180 | 298 | -118 | 11.98 | 19.83 | -0.79% |
| Novosyolovsky District | 15,128 | 192 | 226 | -34 | 12.69 | 14.94 | -0.22% |
| Partizansky District | 11,003 | 155 | 233 | -78 | 14.09 | 21.18 | -0.71% |
| Pirovsky District | 8,251 | 97 | 125 | -28 | 11.76 | 15.15 | -0.34% |
| Rybinsky District | 23,393 | 309 | 422 | -113 | 13.21 | 18.04 | -0.48% |
| Sayansky District | 13,058 | 163 | 235 | -72 | 12.48 | 18.00 | -0.55% |
| Severo-Yeniseysky District | 10,907 | 153 | 136 | 17 | 14.03 | 12.47 | 0.16% |
| Sukhobuzimsky District | 23,050 | 287 | 362 | -75 | 12.45 | 15.70 | -0.33% |
| Taseyevsky District | 13,962 | 161 | 234 | -73 | 11.53 | 16.76 | -0.52% |
| Turukhansky District | 20,736 | 249 | 295 | -46 | 12.01 | 14.23 | -0.22% |
| Tyukhtetsky District | 9,034 | 111 | 197 | -86 | 12.29 | 21.81 | -0.95% |
| Uzhursky District | 33,952 | 541 | 586 | -45 | 15.93 | 17.26 | -0.13% |
| Uyarsky District | 22,255 | 250 | 495 | -245 | 11.23 | 22.24 | -1.10% |
| Idrinsky District | 14,037 | 157 | 252 | -95 | 11.18 | 17.95 | -0.68% |
| Ilansky District | 26,436 | 352 | 453 | -101 | 13.32 | 17.14 | -0.38% |
| Irbeysky District | 18,053 | 241 | 300 | -59 | 13.35 | 16.62 | -0.33% |
| Kazachinsky District | 11,333 | 162 | 191 | -29 | 14.29 | 16.85 | -0.26% |
| Sharypovsky District | 17,816 | 244 | 295 | -51 | 13.70 | 16.56 | -0.29% |
| Shushensky District | 35,372 | 392 | 659 | -267 | 11.08 | 18.63 | -0.75% |
| Krasnoyarsk | 905,000 | 10,585 | 10,936 | -351 | 11.70 | 12.08 | -0.04% |
| Achinsk | 110,838 | 1,333 | 1,702 | -369 | 12.03 | 15.36 | -0.33% |
| Bogotol | 21,997 | 273 | 407 | -134 | 12.41 | 18.50 | -0.61% |
| Borodino | 18,759 | 197 | 247 | -50 | 10.50 | 13.17 | -0.27% |
| Divnogorsk | 30,968 | 337 | 438 | -101 | 10.88 | 14.14 | -0.33% |
| Yeniseysk | 19,086 | 265 | 278 | -13 | 13.88 | 14.57 | -0.07% |
| Zaozyorny | 11,359 | 184 | 221 | -37 | 16.20 | 19.46 | -0.33% |
| Kansk | 98,965 | 1,113 | 1,458 | -345 | 11.25 | 14.73 | -0.35% |
| Lesosibirsk | 64,215 | 932 | 1,027 | -95 | 14.51 | 15.99 | -0.15% |
| Minusinsk | 66,770 | 852 | 1,141 | -289 | 12.76 | 17.09 | -0.43% |
| Nazarovo | 53,593 | 568 | 890 | -322 | 10.60 | 16.61 | -0.60% |
| Norilsk | 206,359 | 2,402 | 1,150 | 1,252 | 11.64 | 5.57 | 0.61% |
| Sosnovoborsk | 30,074 | 306 | 275 | 31 | 10.17 | 9.14 | 0.10% |
| Sharypovo | 38,495 | 599 | 583 | 16 | 15.56 | 15.14 | 0.04% |
| Yemelyanovsky District | 45,908 | 493 | 633 | -140 | 10.74 | 13.79 | -0.30% |
| Kansky District | 26,696 | 361 | 425 | -64 | 13.52 | 15.92 | -0.24% |
| Karatuzsky District | 16,992 | 215 | 307 | -92 | 12.65 | 18.07 | -0.54% |
| Kezhemsky District | 24,406 | 277 | 300 | -23 | 11.35 | 12.29 | -0.09% |
| Kozulsky District | 18,292 | 225 | 344 | -119 | 12.30 | 18.81 | -0.65% |
| Krasnoturansky District | 16,098 | 201 | 247 | -46 | 12.49 | 15.34 | -0.29% |
| Kuraginsky District | 51,402 | 669 | 851 | -182 | 13.02 | 16.56 | -0.35% |
| Mansky District | 17,684 | 226 | 365 | -139 | 12.78 | 20.64 | -0.79% |
| Minusinsky District | 26,457 | 339 | 409 | -70 | 12.81 | 15.46 | -0.26% |
| Motyginsky District | 18,152 | 238 | 257 | -19 | 13.11 | 14.16 | -0.10% |
| Nazarovsky District | 23,609 | 390 | 356 | 34 | 16.52 | 15.08 | 0.14% |
| Yeniseysky District | 27,044 | 353 | 418 | -65 | 13.05 | 15.46 | -0.24% |
| Yermakovsky District | 20,621 | 310 | 360 | -50 | 15.03 | 17.46 | -0.24% |
| Nizhneingashsky District | 35,886 | 448 | 597 | -149 | 12.48 | 16.64 | -0.42% |
| Other | 245,202 | 1,673 | 2,020 | -347 | 6.82 | 8.24 | -0.14% |
الدين
As a survey conducted in 2012, 29.6% of the population of Krasnoyarsk Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% declares to be a nondenominational Christian (excluding Protestant churches), 2% is an Orthodox Christian believer without belonging to any church or is a member of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches, 1.5% is Muslim, 1% follows the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery), and 10.9% did not give an answer to the survey. In addition, 35% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious" and 15% to be atheist.
التعليم
Krasnoyarsk is the site of the Siberian Federal University, one of the four largest educational institutions of Russia.
الطبيعة والبيئة
Many important industrial cities of Krasnoyarsk Krai, such as Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Achinsk, Kansk, Zheleznogorsk, and Minusinsk, suffer from environmental pollution.[]
انظر أيضاً
- List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai
المراجع
الهامش
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. المناطق الاقتصادية, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER).
- ^ Resolution of December 7, 1934
- ^ Charter of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Article 26
- ^ Charter of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Article 28
- ^ Official website of Krasnoyarsk krai. Viktor Alexandrovich Tolokonsky, Governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai (بالروسية)
- ^ Charter of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Article 46
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). )". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة2010Census - ^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Krasnoyarsk Krai Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Социально-экономическое положение Красноярского края в январе–марте 2015 года (بالروسية)
- ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 من دستور روسيا.
- ^ "Arctic Social Sciences - Arctic Studies Center". Mnh.si.edu. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). )". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
-
^ )". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. Italic or bold markup not allowed in:
|publisher=(help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. 2011-12-19. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ http://www.statis.krs.ru/digital/region5/2007/Показатели%20естественного%20движения%20населения.pdf
- ^ ". Press-line.ru. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ Население ::Красноярскстат. Krasstat.gks.ru. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
- ^ http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312
- ^ Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации. Gks.ru. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
- ^ "Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Красноярскому краю - Население". Statis.krs.ru. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
- ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
المصادر
- نطقب:RussiaBasicLawRef/kya
نطقب:Cite Soviet law
وصلات خارجية
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Krasnoyarsk Krai. |
- Official website of Krasnoyarsk Krai (بالروسية)
- Putorana Plateau at Natural Heritage Protection Fund
- Пантелеев В. НА ПЕРЕЛОМЕ: Аркадий Вепрев у руля. Победа Валерия Зубова на губернаторских выборах//Красноярский рабочий.- 2011. - №145.- 19 августа.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Yeniseisk". دائرة المعارف البريطانية. 28 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 914–915.
