الحرب العالمية الثانية في يوغسلاڤيا
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| نطقب:Campaignbox Yugoslavia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
العمليات العسكرية في الحرب العالمية الثانية في يوغسلاڤيا بدأت فيستة أبريل 1941، حين تعرضت مملكة يوغسلاڤيا لغزوخاطف من قوى المحور وتم تقسيمها بين ألمانيا وإيطاليا والمجر وبلغاريا وأنظمة عميلة. وإثر ذلك، اندلعت حرب تحرير بأسلوب العصابات ضد قوات المحور المحتلة والأنظمة العميلة اللائي أقمنها، بما في ذلك دولة كرواتيا المستقلة وحكومة الخلاص الوطني الصربية، بقيادة KPJ-led republican Yugoslav Partisans. Simultaneously, a multi-side civil war was waged between the Partisans, the Serbian royalist Chetniks, Croatian nationalist Ustaše and Home Guard, as well as Slovene Home Guard troops.
Both the Yugoslav Partisans and the Chetnik movement initially resisted the occupation. However, after 1941, Chetniks extensively and systematically collaborated with the Italian occupation forces until the Italian capitulation, and thereon also with German and Ustaše forces. The Axis mounted a series of offensives intended to destroy the Partisans, coming close to doing so in the winter and spring of 1943.
Despite the setbacks, the Partisans remained a credible fighting force, gaining recognition from the Western Allies and laying the foundations for the post-war Yugoslav state. With support in logistics and air power from the Western Allies, and Soviet ground troops in the Belgrade Offensive, the Partisans eventually gained control of the entire country and of the border regions of Italy and Austria.
The human cost of the war was enormous. The number of war victims is still in dispute, but is generally agreed to have been at least one million. Non-combat victims included the majority of the country's Jewish population, many of whom perished in concentration and extermination camps (e.g. Jasenovac, Banjica) run by the client regimes.
The Croatian Ustaše regime committed war crimes against local Serbs, Jews, Roma, Croats, and Muslims. The Chetniks pursued ethnic cleansing against Muslims and Croats and the Italian occupation authorities pursued violence against Slovenes and Croats. The Wehrmacht carried out mass executions of civilians in retaliation for resistance activity e.g., the Kragujevac massacre.
Finally, during and after the final stages of the war, Yugoslav authorities and Partisan troops carried out reprisals, including the deportation of the Danube Swabian population, forced marches and executions of thousands of captured collaborators and civilians fleeing their advance (Bleiburg repatriations), atrocities against the Italian population in Istria (Foibe massacres) and purges against Serbs, Hungarians and Germans associated with the fascist forces.
الغزو
فيستة أبريل 1941 تم غزومملكة يوغسلاڤيا من جميع الجهات من قوى المحور: ألمانيا وإيطاليا وحليفتهم المجر.
المقاومة المبكرة
الخسائر
خسائر اليوغسلاڤ
| القومية | 1964 list | Kočović | Žerjavić |
|---|---|---|---|
| صرب | 346,740 | 487,000 | 530,000 |
| كروات | 83,257 | 207,000 | 192,000 |
| سلوڤين | 42,027 | 32,000 | 42,000 |
| مونتنجرين | 16,276 | 50,000 | 20,000 |
| مقدون | 6,724 | 7,000 | 6,000 |
| مسلمون | 32,300 | 86,000 | 103,000 |
| سلاڤ آخرون | – | 12,000 | 7,000 |
| ألبان | 3,241 | 6,000 | 18,000 |
| يهود | 45,000 | 60,000 | 57,000 |
| غجر | – | 27,000 | 18,000 |
| ألمان | – | 26,000 | 28,000 |
| مجر | 2,680 | – | – |
| سلوڤاك | 1,160 | – | – |
| هجر | 686 | – | – |
| آخرون | – | 14,000 | 6,000 |
| غير معروفين | 16,202 | – | – |
| الإجمالي | 597,323 | 1,014,000 | 1,027,000 |
| المسقط | عدد القتلى | الناجون |
|---|---|---|
| البوسنة والهرسك | 177,045 | 49,242 |
| كرواتيا | 194,749 | 106,220 |
| مقدونيا | 19,076 | 32,374 |
| الجبل الأسود | 16,903 | 14,136 |
| سلوڤينيا | 40,791 | 101,929 |
| صربيا (نفسها) | 97,728 | 123,818 |
| كوسوڤو | 7,927 | 13,960 |
| ڤويڤودينا | 41,370 | 65,957 |
| غير معروفين | 1,744 | 2,213 |
| الإجمالي | 597,323 | 509,849 |
خسائر الألمان
According to German casualty lists quoted by The Times for July 30, 1945, from documents found amongst the personal effects of General Hermann Reinecke, head of the Public Relations Department of the German High Command, total German casualties in the Balkans amounted to 24,000 killed and 12,000 missing, no figure being mentioned for wounded. A majority of these casualties suffered in the Balkans were inflicted in Yugoslavia. According to German researcher Rüdiger Overmans, German losses in the Balkans were more than three times higher – 103,693 during the course of the war, and some 11,000 who died as Yugoslav prisoners of war.
انظر أيضاً
- حملة الأدرياتي في الحرب العالمية الثانية
- قصف الحلفاء ليوغسلاڤيا في الحرب العالمية الثانية
- متحف أربعة يوليو
- جبهة تحرير الشعب السلوڤيني
- غارة نوڤي صاد
- الانتفاضة في صربيا (1941)
- Seven anti-Partisan offensives
- القتال الجوي على الجبهة اليوغسلاڤية
- يوغسلاڤيا والحلفاء
- National Liberation War of Macedonia
- Slovene Lands in World War II
- The prisoner transfer from Yugoslavia that led to Norway's largest massacre
الهامش
- ^ Mitrovski 1971.
- ^ Tomasevich 2001.
- ^ Jelić Butić 1977.
- ^ Colić 1977.
- ^ Mitrovski & 1971 49.
- ^ Microcopy No. T314, roll 566, frames 778 – 785
- ^ Borković.
- ^ Zbornik dokumenata Vojnoistorijskog instituta: tom XII – Dokumenti jedinica, komandi i ustanova nemačkog Rajha – knjiga 3, p.619
- ^ Perica 2004.
- ^ Martin K. Sorge (1986). . Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 62–63. ISBN .
- ^ Geiger 2011.
- ^ Žerjavić 1993.
- ^ Ramet 2006.
- ^ Ramet 2006, pp. 145-155.
- ^ Tomasevich 1975, p. 246.
- ^ Cohen 1996.
- ^ Davidson, The sixth offensive.
- ^ Overmans 2000, p. 336.
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نطقب:Campaignbox Yugofront
