مارك ريتش
| مارك ريتش Marc Rich | |
|---|---|
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مارك رتش
| |
| وُلـِد |
Marcell David Reich ديسمبر 18, 1934 أنتوِرپ، بلجيكا |
| توفي | يونيو26, 2013 (عن عمر 78 عاماً) لوسرن، سويسرا |
سبب الوفاة |
سكتة قلبية |
| الجنسية | بلجيكا، بوليڤيا، الولايات المتحدة، إسرائيل، اسبانيا |
| المهنة | مؤسس گلنكور |
| مبعث الشهرة | Banking, trading activities |
| قيمة الأملاك | ▲ 1 بليون دولار (2010) |
| الزوج |
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| المسقط الإلكتروني | Official website |
مارك رِتش Marc Rich (وُلِد مارسل داڤيد رايش؛ 18 ديسمبر 1934 – 26 يونيو2013) كان international commodities trader، ومدير صندوق تحوط، وممول ورجل أعمال. He was best known for founding the commodities company گلنكور and for being indicted in the United States on federal charges of tax evasion and making controversial oil deals مع إيران أثناء أزمة الرهائن الإيرانية. He was in Switzerland at the time of the indictment and never returned to the United States. وقد حصل على عفورئاسي مثير للجدل من الرئيس الأمريكي بيل كلنتون في 20 يناير 2001، آخر يوم لكلنتون في المنصب.
النشأة والزواج والعمل
وُلِد ريتش سنة 1934 لعائلة يهودية في أنتوِرپ، بلجيكا. His parents were working-class Jews who emigrated with their son to the United States in 1941 to escape the Nazis. His father opened a jewelry store in Kansas City, Missouri. The family moved to Queens, New York City in 1950, where Rich's father started a company that imported Bengali jute to make burlap bags. Rich's father later started a business trading agricultural products and helped found the American Bolivian Bank.
Rich attended high school at the Rhodes Preparatory School في منهاتن. He later attended New York University, but dropped out after one semester to go work for Philipp Brothers (now known as Phibro LLC) in 1954. He worked as a commodities trader for his father, who sought to build an American manufacturing fortune through burlap-sack production.
Rich married Denise Eisenberg, a songwriter and heir to a New England shoe manufacturing fortune, in 1966. They had three children, one of whom, Gabrielle Rich Aouad, died at age 27 of leukemia in 1996. The couple divorced in 1996; she continued to use the name Denise Rich. Six months later he married Gisela Rossi, although that marriage also ended in divorce, in 2005.
وقد عمل مع فلپس برذرز، المضاربة في الفلزات، فتفهم الأسواق العالمية للمواد الخام والتجارة مع دول العالم الثالث الفقيرة. He helped run the company's operations in Cuba, Bolivia, and Spain. In 1974 he and co-worker Pincus Green set up their own company in Switzerland, Marc Rich & Co. AG, which would later become Glencore Xstrata Plc. Nicknamed "the King of Oil" by his business partners, Rich has been said to have expanded the spot market for crude oil in the early 1970s, drawing business away from the larger established oil companies that had relied on traditional long-term contracts for future purchases. As Andrew Hill of the Financial Times put it, "Rich’s key insight was that oil – and other raw materials – could be traded with less capital, and fewer assets, than the big oil producers thought, if backed by bank finance. It was this highly leveraged business model that became the template for modern traders, including Trafigura, Vitol, and Glencore...."
التكريم
In May 2007 Rich received an honorary doctorate from جامعة بار إيلان، رمات گان، إسرائيل، in recognition of his contribution to Israel and to the university's research programs. He received the same honor from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel, on 18 November 2007. The Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer in suburban Tel-Aviv, Israel, honored Rich with the Sheba Humanitarian Award 2008. Former recipients of this award include actor Michael Douglas, actress Elizabeth Taylor, and former U.S. President Gerald R. Ford.[]
انظر أيضاً
- Bank of Credit and Commerce International
- Bill Clinton pardon controversy
- List of people pardoned by Bill Clinton
- Sam Pa
Notes
الهامش
- ^ The World's Billionaires 2010 - Forbes (rank 937, page 40), فوربس
- ^ Ammann, Daniel (2009). The King of Oil: The Secret Lives of Marc Rich. New York: St. Martin‘s Press. ISBN .
- ^ Honigsbaum, Mark (May 13, 2001). "Profile: Marc Rich | From the Observer | The Observer". The Guardian. London: GMG. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
- ^ Daniel Ammann (Nov 14, 2009). ". Swiss Info. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
- ^ Los Angeles Times: "Pardon Reignites Jewish Stereotypes" by WALTER REICH February 25, 2001
- ^ "NS business profile: Marc Rich, Glencore's fugitive founder". newstatesman.com. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ Henry, David (June 26, 2013). "Marc Rich, fugitive commodities trader in the 1980s, dies at 78". Bloomberg L.P.
- ^ "Denise Rich", New York Social Diary
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةreutersobit - ^ Hill, Andrew (June 26, 2013). King of Oil' who became a target for US". Financial Times.
- ^ "Pardoned billionaire to get honorary degree from Bar-Ilan University", Haaretz, 15 May 2007
- ^ The Rich Foundations: "Marc Rich receives honorary doctorate"
- ^ News @ BGU Winter 2008, "Six Honored for Their Outstanding Accomplishments", 11 April 2008
للاستزادة
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Marc Rich. |
- Copetas, A Craig (1985). Metal Men: Marc Rich and the 10-Billion-Dollar Scam. New York: Putnam. ISBN .
- Lardner Jr., George (November 24, 2008). "A Pardon to Remember". The New York Times. Retrieved October 19, 2016. – Detailed account leading up to the pardon.
- Justice Undone: Clemency Decision in the Clinton White House, March 14, 2002, http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/clinton/pardonrpt/, retrieved on October 19, 2016
- "Marc Rich: Hero or villain?", BBC News, February 15, 2001, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1171955.stm, retrieved on October 19, 2016
- Vickers, Marcia (July 17, 2005), "The Rich Boys", Businessweek, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2005-07-17/the-rich-boys, retrieved on October 19, 2016
- Doward, Jamie (April 17, 2011), "Glencore denies copper tax allegations", The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/apr/17/glencore-denies-copper-tax-allegations, retrieved on October 19, 2016
