الظعن الأكبر
نطقب:Great Trek
خريطة ترسم مسارات أكبر جماعات الظعن أثناء الموجة الأولى من الظعن الأكبر (1835-1840) مع المعارك والأحداث الرئيسية. It marks the routes taken by Louis Tregardt , Janse van Rensburg , Hendrik Potgieter , Gerrit Maritz , Piet Retief , and Piet Uys .
الظعن الأكبر (Afrikaans: Die Groot Trek؛ بالهولندية: De Grote Trek؛ بالإنگليزية: Great Trek) كان هجرة بإتجاه الشرق والشمال الشرقي بعيداً عن السيطرة البريطانية في مستعمرة الكاپ خلال عقدي ع1830 وع1840 قام بها البوير (بالهولندية/بالأفريكانز تعني "المزارعون"). المهاجرون كانوا سليلي المستوطنين من أوروپا الغربية، وخصوصاً من هولندا، شمال غرب ألمانيا والهوگينوالفرنسيين. الظعن الأكبر نفسه أدى إلى تأسيس عدد من جمهوريات البوير، أهمهم جمهورية ناتاليا، دولة أورانج الحرة وترانسڤال.
خلفية
Trekboers making camp (1804) by Samuel Daniell. The Trekboers were largely Dutch descendent nomadic pastoralists that were some of the predecessors of the Voortrekkers.
الظعن الاستكشافي
An artists impression of a trekker ox wagon traversing a mountain range (1840).
A romanticized depiction of the Great Trek.
A stone relief depiction of the exodus of farmers from the Cape Colony at the Voortekker Monument.
Flag of the Voortrekkers
الموجة الأولى
| Largest first wave trek parties | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leader | Date of departure | Point of departure | Size | |
| Louis Tregardt | September 1835 | Nine families including the Tregardt family | ||
| Janse van Rensburg | September 1835 | 49 | ||
| Hendrik Potgieter | late 1835 or early 1836 | Over 200 once united with the parties of Sarel Cilliers and Casper Kruger. | ||
| Gerrit Maritz | September 1836 | Graaff-Reinet | Over 700 people including roughly 100 white males | |
| Piet Retief | February 1837 | Albany | Roughly 100 men, women, and children. | |
| Piet Uys | April 1837 | Uitenhage | Over 100 members of the Uys family. | |
The first wave of Voortrekkers lasted from 1835 to 1840, during which an estimated 6,000 people (roughly 20% of the Cape Colony's total population or 10% of the white population in the 1830s) trekked.
Hendrik Potgieter at Delagoa Bay, ca. 1851/52
نزاعات الناتال
نهر الدم
King Dingane ordering the killing of Retief and his Boer representatives with the words "Bulalani abathakathi" ("kill the magicians"). Where they were killed outside the royal kraal on the execution rock called Matiwane.
Depiction of a Zulu attack on a Boer camp in February 1838. The Weenen Massacre was the massacre of Voortrekkers by the Zulu on 17 February 1838.
السقط
The Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria was raised to commemorate the Voortrekkers who left the Cape Colony between 1835 and 1854.
الاحتفال بمرور قرن
Centenary celebrations
Afrikaans horsemen celebrating the centenary of the Great Trek in 1938.
A group of Afrikaans women at the centenary celebrations in 1938 dressed in Voortrekker clothing most notabliy the white doek on their heads.
Monuments to the Great Trek such as this one in Clanwilliam were erected in small towns across the country during the centenary celebrations.
في المخيال الشعبي
بالإنگليزية
أدب
- H. Rider Haggard, Marie, novel, 1912.
- Stuart Cloete, Turning Wheels, novel, 1937.
- Helga Moray, Untamed, novel, 1950 - a 1955 movie of the same name is based on this book
- James A. Michener, (1980)
- Robin Binckes, Canvas under the Sky, novel, 2011, ISBN 1920143637
- Controversial novel about a promiscuous drug using Voortrekker set during the Great Trek.
الأفلام
- The Fiercest Heart (1961), movie
- Adventure/love story about two British soldiers who desert the military and join a group of Boers heading north on the Great Trek.
- Untamed (1955), movie
- Adventure/love story set in the later part of the trek about an Irish woman seeking a new life in South Africa after the Irish Potato famine. Based on a 1950 novel of the same name by Helga Moray.
أفريكانز
الأدب
- F.A. Venter,
- Geknelde land (بالإنگليزية: Afflicted land) (1960)
- Offerland (بالإنگليزية: Land of sacrifice) (1963)
- Gelofteland (بالإنگليزية: Land of the covenant) (1966)
- Bedoelde land (بالإنگليزية: Intended land) (1968)
انظر أيضاً
- ڤورهجررز
- تاريخ جنوب أفريقيا
الهامش
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةAfrikaners - ^ Kevin Ritchie (11 February 2012). "Mad Boers burn Great Trek bodice ripper". IOL News. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
