خط زمني لمعمل علوم المريخ

الجوال كريوسيتي فوق المريخ (5 أغسطس 2015)

خط زمني لمعمل علوم المريخ، هوخط زمني لمهمة معمل علوم المريخ وجوالها، .

قبل الإطلاق (2004–11)

Cruise stage is tested in 2010.

اختيار مسقط الإبرار

Gale Crater

Aeolis Mons rises from the middle of Gale Crater - Green dot marks the rover landing site in Aeolis Palus - North is down.

Aeolis Mons rises from the middle of Gale Crater - Green dot marks the rover landing site in Aeolis Palus - North is down.

الإطلاق (2011)

MSL Launch - November 26, 2011 15:02:00.211 UTC

الإبرار (2012)

The Curiosity rover lands on the surface of Mars (video-03:26; August 6, 2012).
Curiosity descending under its parachute (August 6, 2012; MRO/HiRISE).
MSL debris field - parachute landed 615 m from Curiosity (3-D: rover & parachute) (August 17, 2012; MRO).
Engineers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory celebrate the landing.
Curiosity rover - women team members (June 26, 2014).
Curiosity landed on August 6, 2012, about 10 km from the base of Mount Sharp).
First colored image from Curiosity (August 6, 2012).
Curiosity's self-portrait - with closed dust cover (September 7, 2012).
Curiosity's self-portrait (September 7, 2012; color-corrected).
Gravel below one of theستة wheels on the rover.

First 360-degree panoramic view of Mars taken by the Curiosity rover (August 7, 2012).

أحداث 2012

Curiosity's view, from about 200 م (660 قدم) away, of the Glenelg Area - an important science destination (September 19, 2012).

On August 15, 2012, the rover began several days of instrument checks and mobility tests. The first laser testing of the ChemCam by Curiosity on Mars was performed on a rock, N165 ("Coronation" rock), near Bradbury Landing on August 19, 2012.

rover - Temperature, Pressure, Humidity at Gale Crater on Mars (August 2012 - February 2013)

Temperature

Pressure

Humidity

دليل على وجود مياه قديمة

Evidence of water on Mars
rover on the way to Glenelg (September 26, 2012)

Peace Vallis and related alluvial fan near the Curiosity rover landing ellipse and landing site (noted by +).

"Hottah" rock outcrop on Mars - an ancient streambed viewed by the Curiosity rover (September 14, 2012) (close-up) (3-D version).

"Link" rock outcrop on Mars - compared with a terrestrial fluvial conglomerate - suggesting water "vigorously" flowed in a stream.

"Bright particles" found by the rover at Rocknest (October, 2012)

"Bright object" (BO)

BO Close-up 1

BO Close-up 2

"Bright particles"

BP Close-up 1

أحداث 2013

دلال على الصلاحية القديمة للحياة

rover - First drilling tests ("John Klein" rock, Yellowknife Bay, February 2–6, 2013).

Drilling site

Drill in place.

Drill bit

"Drill on Rock checkout."

Drill hole.

Drill hole - before/after.

Drilling Area at Yellowknife Bay (December 28, 2012).

rover - Chemical analysis
(drilled sample of "John Klein" rock, Yellowknife Bay, February 27, 2013).

Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) (4th rock portion) (April, 2013)

Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)

Gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS)

Chemistry and Mineralogy instrument (CheMin)

دليل على فقدان الغلاف الجوي

rover (very bright spot near the lower right) and "Tracks" from Bradbury Landing to John Klein in Yellowknife Bay - as viewed from Space (MRO; HiRISE; June 27, 2013).

أحداث أخرى في 2013

Argon isotope ratios are used to estimate atmospheric loss on Mars. ( rover, April, 2013)

Composition of "Yellowknife Bay" rocks - rock veins are higher in calcium and sulfur than "Portage" soil - APXS results - Curiosity rover (March, 2013).

Curiosity rover - view of "Sheepbed" mudstone (lower left) and surroundings (February 14, 2013).

Scarp retreat by windblown sand over time on Mars (Yellowknife Bay, December 9, 2013).

Hole (1.6 cم (0.63 بوصة)) drilled into "John Klein" mudstone.

Spectral Analysis (SAM) of "Cumberland" mudstone.

Clay mineral structure of mudstone.

The rover examines mudstone near Yellowknife Bay on Mars (May 2013).

أحداث 2014

البحث عن حياة قديمة

في 24 يناير 2014 أفادت ناسا حتى الدراسات الحالية حول كوكب المريخ بواسطة المسبارين سيتم البحث فيها على مرشد لوجود حياة قديمة، وتضم غلاف جوي اعتماداً على العضيات الدقيقة ذاتية التغذية، كيميائية التغذية م/أوكيمائية-جمادية التغذية، وكذلك عن المياه القديمة، وتضم البيئات النهرية-البحيرية (السهول المرتبطة بالأنهار أوالبحيرات القديمة والتي من الممكن كانت مأهولة. البحث عن مرشد سكن، taphonomy (مرتبط بالأحفورات)، الكربون العضوي على كوكب المريخ هوالهدف الرئيسي الحالي لناسا.

الوصول لجبل شارپ

Overview map - blue oval marks "Base of Mount Sharp" (August 17, 2012).
Traverse map - route from Landing to slopes on Mount Sharp (September 11, 2014).
Close-up map - new route (yellow) - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).
Close-up map - new route (yellow) - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).
Close-up map - Mount Sharp slopes - with few craters (bottom) (September 11, 2014).
Geology map - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).
Geology map - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).
"Murray Buttes" knobs - Mount Sharp slopes (November 13, 2013).
"Murray Buttes" mesa - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).
"Murray Formation" bands - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).
"Pahrump Hills" - Notable places at base of Mount Sharp (Autumn, 2014).
"Pahrump Hills" sand - viewed by Curiosity (November 13, 2014).
"Pahrump Hills" sand - Curiosity's tracks (November 7, 2014).
"Pahrump Hills" rock outcrop on Mars – viewed by (September 23, 2014).
"Confidence Hills" rock on Mars - 1st target at Mount Sharp (September 24, 2014).
"Pahrump Hills" bedrock on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (November 9, 2014).
"Pink Cliffs" rock outcrop on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (October 7, 2014).
"Alexander Hills" bedrock on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (November 23, 2014).
Ancient Lake fills Gale Crater on Mars (simulated view).

Geology map - from the crater floor in Aeolis Palus up the Slopes of Mount Sharp (September 11, 2014).

Rocks near the "Pahrump Hills" on the slopes of Mount Sharp as viewed from the Rover (September 11, 2014; white balanced).

التحقق من وجود عضيات

Detecting organics on Mars is a challenge.

Methane measurements in the atmosphere of Mars by the rover (August 2012 to September 2014).

Methane (CH₄) on Mars - potential sources and sinks.

Comparison of Organics in Martian rocks - Chlorobenzene levels were much higher in the "Cumberland" rock sample.

Detection of Organics in the "Cumberland" rock sample.

Spectral Analysis (SAM) of "Cumberland" rock.

أحداث أخرى في 2014

NOV-2013 - 's wheel - dents & holes - ثلاثة miles on Mars (November 30, 2013).

FEB-2014 - 's wheel - dents & holes - ثلاثة miles on Mars (February 18, 2014).

Curiosity at The Kimberley
rover (lower left quadrant of image) and "Tracks" near The Kimberley - as viewed from Space (MRO; HiRISE; April 11, 2014).

Curiosity at Mount Sharp
rover (within rectangle) in the Pahrump Hills of Mount Sharp - as viewed from Space (MRO; HiRISE; December 13, 2014).

أحداث 2015

Curiosity at Mount Sharp
Self-portrait of the Curiosity rover at the Mojave site (January 31, 2015).

Landing site fading from view after first several years.

Hydrogen-rich area detected at 'Marias Pass" on Mars by Curiosity.

الوضع الحالي

The rover is exploring the slopes of Mount Sharp.

Close-up map - planned route from "Dingo Gap" to "Kimberley" (KMS-9) (related HiRISE image)
(February 18, 2014/Sol 547).

Traverse map - Curiosity traveled over 7.1 kم (4.4 ميل) since leaving its "start" point in Yellowknife Bay on July 4, 2013 (now beyond the "3-sigma safe-to-land ellipse" border line) (related HiRISE image)
(September 14, 2015/Sol 1104).

Context map - Curiosity's trip to Mount Sharp (star = landing; triangle = stops)
(November 23, 2014/Sol 817).

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

Location map - rover at the base of Mount Sharp - as viewed from Space (MRO; HiRISE; September 14, 2015/Sol 1104).

صور

صورة ذاتية

rover on Mars — self-portraits.

Curiosity at "Rocknest"
on Aeolis Palus
(October 31, 2012).

Curiosity at "John Klein"
on Aeolis Palus
(May 10, 2013).

Curiosity at "Windjana"
on Aeolis Palus
(May 12, 2014).

Curiosity at "Mojave"
on Aeolis Mons
(January 14, 2015).

Curiosity near "Buckskin" rock
on Aeolis Mons
(August 5, 2015).

مرئيات

rover mission - One Year on Mars (August 6, 2012 - August 5, 2013) (03:58/file)
(August 2, 2013).

rover views - First Year on Mars (August 6, 2012 - August 5, 2013) (02:13/file)
(August 1, 2013).

views a by Phobos, largest of the two Moons of Mars (01:30/real-time)
(August 20, 2013).

معرض الصور

First-Year & First-Mile Traverse Map of the Curiosity rover on Mars (August 1, 2013; 3-D).
Gale crater - surface materials (false colors; THEMIS; 2001 Mars Odyssey).
Curiosity rover - diagram noting "3-sigma safe-to-land ellipse".
Ancient Lake on Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater (December 9, 2013).
Curiosity rover - image noting "3-sigma safe-to-land ellipse".
Curiosity viewed from space crosses edge of its "3-sigma safe-to-land ellipse" (June 27, 2014).
Curiosity's landing site - Blue oval marks "Base of Mount Sharp" (August 17, 2012).
Base of Aeolis Mons, an area of varied terran that Curiosity is expected to study.
Layers at the base of Aeolis Mons - dark rock in inset is same size as the Curiosity rover.
Curiosity finds a "bright object" in the sand at "Rocknest" (October 7, 2012) (close-up).
First use of Curiosity's scooper as it sifts a load of sand at "Rocknest" (October 7, 2012).
First laser spectrum of chemical elements on the "Coronation" rock (August 19, 2012).
Planet Mercury transiting the Sun as viewed by the Curiosity rover (June 3, 2014).
Annular eclipse of the Sun by Phobos as viewed by the Curiosity rover (August 20, 2013).
Curiosity's view of the Mars moons: Phobos passes Deimos - in real-time (August 1, 2013; video-gif).
First asteroid image (Ceres and Vesta) from Mars - viewed by (April 20, 2014).
Curiosity's SW view near "Darwin Outcrop" (lower-center) (Waypoint 1; September 7, 2013).
Curiosity's view of tracks while crossing the "Dingo Gap" sand dune (February 6, 2014; video-gif).
Curiosity's view after crossing the "Dingo Gap" sand dune (February 9, 2014; raw color).
Curiosity's view after crossing the "Dingo Gap" sand dune (February 10, 2014).
Curiosity's view of sandstone at different levels of erosion (February 25, 2014; raw color).
Map of Curiosity's drive to "The Kimberley" Waypoint (KMS-9; April 2, 2014).
Curiosity's view of "The Kimberley" Waypoint (KMS-9; April 2, 2014; 3-D).
Curiosity's view of a "bright spot" near "The Kimberley" (KMS-9; April 3, 2014).
Curiosity's view of an iron meteorite (called "Lebanon") (May 25, 2014).
First laser spark imaged on Mars by ("Nova" rock; July 12, 2014; video (01:07)).
Map of Curiosity's drive to "Hidden Valley" (July 31, 2014).
Curiosity's tracks in the sands of "Hidden Valley" (August 4, 2014).
Comet C/2013 A1 during flyby of Mars (October 19, 2014).
Sunset - Gale crater (April 15, 2015).
Sunset (animated) - Gale crater (April 15, 2015).

صور عريضة

Curiosity's view of "Mount Sharp" (September 20, 2012; white balanced; raw color).

Curiosity's view of the "Rocknest" area - South is center/North at both ends; "Mount Sharp" at SE horizon (somewhat left-of-center); "Glenelg" at East (left-of-center); rover tracks at West (right-of-center) (November 16, 2012; white balanced; raw color; interactives).

Curiosity's view from "Rocknest" looking eastward toward "Point Lake" (center) on the way to "Glenelg Intrique" (November 26, 2012; white balanced; raw color).

Curiosity's view of Drilling Sites of Rocks at "Yellowknife Bay" (December 24, 2012).

Curiosity's view of "Dingo Gap" on the way to "Mount Sharp" (January 30, 2014; white balanced; raw color).

Curiosity's view of "Amargosa Valley" on the lower slopes of "Mount Sharp" (September 11, 2014).

Curiosity's view of sand dunes on the lower slopes of "Mount Sharp" (August 27, 2015).

Curiosity's view of Mars sky at sunset (February 2013; sun simulated by artist).

Curiosity's first view of the Earth and the Moon from the surface of Mars (January 31, 2014).

انظر أيضاً

Aeolis quadrangle
فهم الأحياء الفلكي
تكوين المريخ
الجال إكسومارس
استكشاف المريخ
جغرافيا المريخ
جيولوجيا المريخ
المسبار إنسايت
قائمة مهمات المريخ
قائمة صخور المريخ
Mars Exploration Rover
مارس إكسپرس
Mars Odyssey Orbiter
Mars Orbiter Mission
Mars Pathfinder (Sojourner rover)
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Mars 2020 rover mission
ماڤن
أقمار المريخ
Phoenix lander
Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission
استكشاف الفضاء
مهمة فضائية غير مأهولة
تاريخ استكشاف الفضاء الأمريكي على الطوابع الأمريكية
برنامج ڤايكنگ
الماء على المريخ

المصادر

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^ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.cfm?id=1106
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^ Mars Science Laboratory: Multimedia-Images
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^ Mars Science Laboratory: Raw Images
^ Mars Science Laboratory: Raw Images
^ Harwood, William (August 14, 2012). "Rover software updated, first driving tests on tap". C-Net News. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
^ First drive
^ Webster, Guy; Agle, D.C. (August 19, 2012). "Mars Science Laboratory/Curiosity Mission Status Report". NASA. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
^ Staff. Coronation' Rock on Mars". NASA. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
^ Amos, Jonathan (August 17, 2012). "Nasa's Curiosity rover prepares to zap Martian rocks". BBC News. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
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^ Grotzinger, John P. (24 January 2014). "Introduction to Special Issue – Habitability, Taphonomy, and the Search for Organic Carbon on Mars". Science. 343 (6169): 386–387. Bibcode:2014Sci...343..386G. doi:10.1126/science.1249944. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
^ Various (24 January 2014). "Special Issue – Table of Contents – Exploring Martian Habitability". Science. 343 (6169): 345–452. Retrieved 24 January 2014.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ Various (24 January 2014). "Special Collection – Curiosity – Exploring Martian Habitability". Science. Retrieved 24 January 2014.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ Grotzinger, J.P. et al. (24 January 2014). "A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars". Science. 343 (6169): 1242777. doi:10.1126/science.1242777. Retrieved 24 January 2014. Explicit use of et al. in: |authors= (help)CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة NASA-20150819
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^ Revkin, Andrew C. (February 6, 2014). "Martian View of Our Pale Dot". New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2014.

وصلات خارجية

MSL/JPL Official Page.
MSL/NASA Official Page.
Rover Tracker (August 6, 2012 to August 5, 2013 and beyond).
Panoramic View of Gale Crater on Mars (4 billion pixels) (March 2013).
Video (04:32) - "Evidence for 'Vigorously' Flowing Water on Ancient Mars" (September 2012).
Video (60:00) - "Minerals and the Origins of Life" - (Robert Hazen; NASA; April 2014).
Video (86:49) - "Search for Life in the Universe" - (NASA; July 2014).

نطقب:Curiosity Rover Timeline

نطقب:NASA planetary exploration programs

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