سفينة حاويات
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إثنان من سفن الحاويات أثناء عبورهما خليج سان فرانسيسكو.
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name: |
list error: <br /> list (help) سفينة حاويات Container ship |
| Subclasses: |
list error: <br /> list (help) (1) Geared or gearless (as per cargo-handling type) (2) Freighter or pure Container (as per passenger carrier-type) (3) Feeder or World-wide foreign-going vessel (as per trade) (4) Panamax or post-Panamax vessel (as per breadth of vessel < or > than 32.2m respectively) |
| Built: | 1956–الآن |
| In service: | 9,535 سفينة في 2010 |
| السمات العامة | |
| الدفع: | الديزل منذ عام 1990 |
| السرعة: | 21–25 عقدة (38.9-46.3 كم/س) |
| السعة: | أكثر من 15,550 TEU |
| ملاحظات: | Reduced superstructure, containers stacked on deck, bulbous bow |
سفينة حاويات Container ship، هي سفينة نقل بضائع تقوم بتحميل تام حمولتها داخل حاويات بحجم معين الأمر الذي يسمح بنقل هذه الحاويات عن طريق الشاحنات بعد حتى يتم تفريق الحمولة في الميناء، وتمتك بعض سفن الحاويات رافعات خاصة بها على متن السفينة مما يسمح لها بإفراغ حمولتها بشكل ذاتي، تعد سفن الحاويات أكثر أنواع نقل البضائع شيوعا حاليا.
التاريخ
Container ships avoid the complex stevedoring of break-bulk shipping.
The earliest container ships were converted T2 tankers in the 1940s after الحرب العالمية الثانية.
البناء
USNS Regulus (T-AKR-292) began its career as Sea-Land's SL-7 class container ship .
تصنيفات الحجم
| تصنيفات أحجام سفن الحاويات | ||||||
| الاسم | السعة (TEU) |
الطول | العارضة | الغاطس | مثال | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ultra Large Container Vessel (ULCV) | 14,501 and higher | 1,200 قدم (366 م) وأطول | 160.7 قدم (49 م) وأعرض | 49.9 قدم (15.2 م) وأعمق | With a length of 397 m, a width of 56 m, draft of 15.5 m, and a capacity of over 15,000 TEU, ships of the Emma Maersk class are well over the limits of the New Panamax class. (Photo: The 15,000 TEU .) | |
| نيوپنماكس | 10,000–14,500 | 1,200 قدم (366 م) | 160.7 قدم (49 م) | 49.9 قدم (15.2 م) | With a beam of 43 m, ships of the COSCO Guangzhou class are much too big to fit through the Panama Canal's old locks, but could easily fit through the new expansion. (Photo: The 9,500 TEU pierside in Hamburg. ) | |
| پوست پنماكس | 5,101–10,000 | |||||
| پنماكس | 3,001 – 5,100 | 965 قدم (294.13 م) | 106 قدم (32.31 م) | 39.5 قدم (12.04 م) | Ships of the Bay-class are at the upper limit of the Panamax class, with an overall length of 292.15 m, beam of 32.2m, and maximum depth of 13.3 m. (Photo: The 4,224 TEU MV Providence Bay passing through the Panama Canal.) | |
| فيدرماكس | 2,001 – 3,000 | Container ships under 3,000 TEU are typically called feeders. In some areas of the world, they might be outfitted with cargo cranes. (Photo: The 384 TEU at anchor.) | ||||
| Feeder | 1,001 – 2,000 | |||||
| Small feeder | Up to 1,000 | |||||
رافعات البضائع
منظر من أعلى رافعة بضائع على سفينة حاويات.
حاملات البضائع
منظر لحاملات بضائع على سفينة حاويات.
أنظمة التفريغ
Twist-locks and lashing rods (pictured) are widely used to secure containers aboard ships.
خصائص الأسطول
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أعلام الدول
أسطول حاويات في 2006
شراء السفن
تفكيك السفن
أكبر السفن
| بنيت | الاسم | حجم الفئة |
أقصى TEU | المصادر |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | CMA CGM Marco Polo | 8 | 16,020 | |
| 2006 | إما ميرسك | 8 | 15,200–15,550 | |
| 2009 | MSC Danit | 7 | 14,000 | |
| 2009 | MSC Beatrice | 7 | 14,000 | |
| 2010 | MSC Fabiola | 7 | 12,600 | |
| 2008 | CMA CGM Thalassa | 2 | 10,960 | |
| 2005 | گودرون ميرسك | 6 | 10,150 | |
| 2002 | حدثنتاين ميرسك | 7 | 9,600 | |
| 2006 | COSCO Guangzhou | 5 | 9,500 | |
| 2006 | CMA CGM Medea | 4 | 9,415 | |
| 2003 | أكسل ميرسك | 6 | 9,310 |
سوق الشحن
المتوسط اليومي على مدار العام لمكان 1 TEU (14 طن متري) تراوح من $2.70 إلى $35.40 بين عامي 2000 و2010.
| أحدث معدلات الشحن (ب1000 US$/TEU) | |||||||||
| من | إلى | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||
| آسيا | الولايات المتحدة | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| الولايات المتحدة | Asia | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| أوروپا | آسيا | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| آسيا | أوروپا | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
| الولايات المتحدة | أوروپا | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
| أوروپا | الولايات المتحدة | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
موانئ الحاويات
قضايا السلامة
Three pier-side gantry cranes tower over a container ship.
انظر أيضاً
- BBC Box
- Ship resistance and propulsion
الهوامش
- ^ UNدعوة للعملD, 2010, p. 33.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةmcnich-45 - ^ MAN Diesel, 2009, p.6.
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^ Julie Holt (Friday, 28 May 2010). "Ebba Mærsk beats world record". Ingeniøren. Retrieved 11 June 2010. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ^ Reederei Blue Star GmbH (2011). "Bay Class Overview". Reederei Blue Star Fleet. Hamburg: Reederei Blue Star GmbH. Retrieved 2011-03-05.
- ^ Fearnresearch (2005). "Fearnley's Annual Review, 2004" (PDF). Oslo: Fearnleys AS. p. 90. Retrieved 2011-03-05.
- ^ http://www.cmacgm-marcopolo.com/
- ^ http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=brochure&path=/our_services/vessels
- ^ نطقب:Cite equasis
- ^ نطقب:ABS name
- ^ http://www.alphaliner.com/liner2/research_files/liner_studies/misc/EMMA_MAERSK_capa_estimate.pdf
- ^ نطقب:Cite equasis
- ^ [1]
- ^ نطقب:Cite equasis
- ^ نطقب:Cite equasis
- ^ نطقب:Cite equasis
- ^ نطقب:Cite equasis
- ^ "World's largest container ship delivered to Lloyd's Register class" (Press release). Lloyd's Register.ستة July 2006.
- ^ نطقب:Cite equasis
- ^ "Cosco Guangzhou Docks in Port of Hamburg". marinelink.com. New York: Maritime Activity Reports, Inc. 2006-03-29. Retrieved 2011-03-05.
- ^ نطقب:Cite equasis
- ^ "CMA CGM MEDEA, one of the world's largest container ships" (Press release). CMA CGM. 2 October 2006.
- ^ نطقب:Cite equasis
- ^ UNدعوة للعملD, 2010, p. 88.
المصادر
عمليات على السفن
- Aragon, James R.; Messer, Tuuli Anna (2001). Master's handbook on ship's business. Cambridge, Md: Cornell Maritime Press. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Conrad, Edward E. (1989). "12. Containership Operations". In Hayler, William (ed.). Merchant Marine Officers' Handbook: based on the original edition by Edward A. Turpin and William A. MacEwen (5th ed.). Cambridge, Md: Cornell Maritime Press. ISBN .
- Huber, Mark (2001). Tanker operations: a handbook for the person-in-charge (PIC). Cambridge, MD: Cornell Maritime Press. ISBN .
- Cudahy, Brian J. (2006). Box boats: how container ships changed the world. New York: Fordham University Press. ISBN .
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Hayler, William B. (2003). American Merchant Seaman's Manual. Cornell Maritime Pr. ISBN . Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Peck and Hale (2000). "Container Stowage and Securing Systems" (PDF). West Sayville, NY: Peck & Hale. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- Sauerbier, Charles L.; Meurn, Robert J. (2004). Marine Cargo Operations: a guide to stowage. Cambridge, Md: Cornell Maritime Press. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
تصنيفات سفن
- Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (2005). (PDF). Notices to Shipping. Balboa-Ancon: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá. pp. 11–12. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
- Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (2006). (PDF). Notices to Shipping. Balboa-Ancon: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (2009). (PDF). Notices to Shipping. Balboa-Ancon: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- MAN Diesel (2009). "Propulsion Trends in Container Vessels" (PDF). Copenhagen: MAN Diesel. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
احصائيات
- Bureau of Transportation Statistics 2007 (2008). (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- Central Intelligence Agency (2009). . Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN . Retrieved 2011-02-21.
- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (2009). . New York: United Nations. pp. 144–146. ISBN . Retrieved 2011-03-05.
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNدعوة للعملD) (2010). (PDF). New York and Geneva: United Nations. ISBN .
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNدعوة للعملD) (2012). (PDF). New York and Geneva: United Nations. ISBN .
التاريخ
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Bohlman, Michael T. (2001). "ISO's container standards are nothing but good news" (PDF). ISO Bulletin. Geneva: International Standards Organization: 12–15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) -
The New Scientist (22 May 1958). "News and Comments". The New Scientist. London: International Publishing Corporation. 4 (79): 10.
|chapter=ignored (help). -
Cudahy, Brian J. (2006). "The Containership Revolution: Malcom McLean's 1956 Innovation Goes Global" (PDF). TR News. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. 246: 5–9. Retrieved 2011-03-01. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help). - Horizon Lines. "History of Sea-Land, CSX Lines, and Horizon Lines Timeline (1956–Present)". Horizon Lines web site. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
- International Confederation of Free Trade Unions; Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD; International Transport Workers’ Federation; Greenpeace International (2002). (PDF). Johannesburg: 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- Jankowski, William M. (2003). (M.S. thesis). Naval Postgraduate School. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
- Levinson, Marc (2006). The box: how the shipping container made the world smaller and the world economy bigger. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. ISBN .
- Nichols, C. Reid; Williams, Robert G. (November 2008). . Infobase Publishing. pp. 121–122. ISBN . Retrieved 8 March 2011.
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Roland, Alex (2008). The way of the ship: America's maritime history reenvisioned. Hobokken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN . Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - "The container industry: The world in a box". The Economist. 2006-03-16. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
السلامة والأمان
- Michael McNicholas (2008). . Boston, MA: Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN . Retrieved 2011-03-05.
وصلات خارجية
 Map of worldwide sea traffic
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Loading Sea-Land vessels, circa 1962.
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Container ships. |
- Container ship: general structure and arrangement by Picture
- RODRIGO DE LARRUCEA, Jaime. "Container Ship Safety" (PDF). Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- Container ship safety: An area for increasing concern?
- Shipping industry is ‘courting disaster’
- Marine Accident Report: Allision of Bahamas-Registered Tankship M/T Axel Spirit with Ambrose Light Entrance to New York Harbor November 3, 2007
- Marine Accident Report: Allision of Hong Kong-Registered Containership M/V Cosco Busan With the Delta Tower of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge San Francisco, California November 7, 2007
- Hamburg Index, 2011
- New ConTex Index, 2011
- Container Ship Travel
