مجاعة البنغال 1943

مجاعة البنغال 1943
مجاعة البنغال 1943; পঞ্চাশের মন্বন্তর
البلد	British India
المسقط	Bengal
الفترة	1943–44
إجمالي الوفيات	1.5 to أربعة million
الرصد	Policy failure, war

مجاعة البنغال 1943 (Bengal famine of 1943؛ بالبنغالية: পঞ্চাশের মন্বন্তর) ضربت مقاطعة البنغال في الهند البريطانية قبل التقسيم (والتي تشكل حالياً غرب البنغال، اوديشا، بيهار وبنگلادش) أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية إثر الاحتلال الياباني لبورما. وقد لقي نحوثلاثة ملايين حتفهم بسبب المجاعة. وعموماً تتراوح التقديرات بين 1.5 وأربعة مليون نسمة، باعتبار الموت بسبب starvation، سوء التغذية والأمراض، من إجمالي تعداد البنغال البالغ آنذاك 60.3 مليون نسمة. نصف الضحايا ماتوا بسبب الأمراض بعد حتى توافر الطعام في ديسمبر 1943. Generally it is thought that there was serious decrease in food production during that time which is coupled with Bengal's continuing export of grain. إلا أنه حسب أمارتيا سن لم يكن هناك نقص ملحوظ في انتاج الغذاء في 1943 (في الواقع، فقد ارتفع انتاج الطعام بالمقارنة بعام 1941). As in previous Bengal famines, the highest mortality was not in previously very poor groups, but among artisians and small traders whose income vanished when people spent all they had on food and did not employ cobblers, carpenters, etc. كما تسببت المجاعة في اضطراب اقتصادي واجتماعي هائلين، إذ دمرت الملايين من العائلات.

البداية

A child who starved to death during the Bengal famine of 1943.

لماذا مُنـِع الطعام عن البنغال

Distribution of food among people

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الهامش

^ Amartya Sen (1981). Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. London: Oxford University Press. p. 203. ISBN .
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^ Frere (1874); Hunter (1873); Bengal Administration (1897).
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