الغزوالعباسي لآسيا الصغرى 782
| الغزوالعباسي لآسيا الصغرى 782 Abbasid invasion of Asia Minor (782) | |||||||
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| جزء من the الحروب البيزنطية العربية | |||||||
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خريطة بيزنطية لآسيا الصغرى ومنطقة الحدود البيزنطية والعربية ح. 780 | |||||||
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| الخصوم | |||||||
| الخلافة العباسية | الامبراطورية البيزنطية | ||||||
| القادة والزعماء | |||||||
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هارون الرشيد الربيع بن يونس البرمكي |
Staurakios Michael Lachanodrakon Tatzates Anthony the Domestic |
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| القوات | |||||||
| 95,793 (الطبري) | غير معروف | ||||||
| الخسائر | |||||||
| غير معروف | 56,090 (الطبري) | ||||||
الغزوالعباسي لآسيا الصغرى في 782 كان أحد أكبر العمليات التي شنتها الخلافة العباسية ضد الامبراطورية البيزنطية. The invasion was launched as a display of Abbasid military might in the aftermath of a series of Byzantine successes. Commanded by the Abbasid heir-apparent, the future Harun al-Rashid, the Abbasid army reached as far as Chrysopolis, across the Bosporus from the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, while secondary forces raided western Asia Minor and defeated the Byzantine forces there. As Harun did not intend to assault Constantinople and lacked ships to do so, he turned back. The Byzantines, who in the meantime had neutralized the detachment left to secure the Abbasid army's rear in Phrygia, were able to trap Harun's army between their own converging forces. The defection of the Armenian general Tatzates, however, allowed Harun to regain the upper hand. The Abbasid prince sent for a truce and detained the high-ranking Byzantine envoys, who included Empress Irene's chief minister, Staurakios. This forced Irene to agree to a three-year truce and pay a heavy annual tribute. Irene then focused her attention to the Balkans, but warfare with the Arabs resumed in 786, until mounting Arab pressure led to another truce in 798, on terms similar to those of 782.
خلفية
الحملة
وَمــا رِمْتَـهـا حَـتَّـى أتَـتْــكَ مُلـوكُـهـا بِجِزْيَتِـهـا والـحَـرْبُ تَـغْـلـي قُـدُورُهــا
قصيدة مروان بن أبي حفصة في مدح تجريدة هارون الرشيد في 782م على بيزنطة.
The two states concluded a three-year truce in exchange for a heavy annual tribute—the Arab sources mention various amounts between 70,000 and 100,000 gold nomismata, while one also adds 10,000 pieces of silk. Tabari's account records that the tribute amounted to "ninety or seventy thousand dinars", to be paid "at the beginning of April and in June every year". In addition, the Byzantines were obliged to provide provisions and guides for Harun's army on its march home, and to hand over Tatzates's wife and property. Harun released all his captives (5,643 according to Tabari), but kept the rich plunder he had gathered, and returned to the Caliphate in September 782. Tabari, in his account of the expedition, says that Harun's forces captured 194,450 dinars in gold and 21,414,800 dirhams in silver, killed 54,000 Byzantines in battle and 2,090 in captivity and took over 20,000 riding animals captive while slaughtering 100,000 cattle and sheep. Tabari also reports that the amount of plunder was such that "a work horse was sold for a dirham and a mule for less than ten dirhams, a coat of mail for less than a dirham, and twenty swords for a dirham"—at a time when one to two dirhams was the usual daily salary of a labourer or soldier.
أعقاب
المصادر
- ^ Canard 1926, pp. 102–103.
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةLilie152 - ^ Kennedy 1990, p. 221.
- ^ Treadgold 1988, p. 69 interprets this to mean two annual installments, of 90,000 and of 70,000 coins on April and June respectively.
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةTheophanes - ^ Treadgold 1988, pp. 69–70.
- ^ Kennedy 2001, pp. 78–79.
المراجع
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Brooks, E. W. (1923). "Chapter V. (A) The Struggle with the Saracens (717–867)". The Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV: The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 119–138. OCLC 490614728. External link in
|title=(help) - Canard, Marius (1926). "Les expéditions des Arabes contre Constantinople dans l'histoire et dans la légende". Journal Asiatique (in French) (208): 61–121. ISSN 0021-762X.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Kennedy, Hugh N. (1990). . Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN .
- Kennedy, Hugh N. (2001). . London, United Kingdom: Routledge. ISBN .
- Lilie, Ralph-Johannes (1996). (in German). Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Peter Lang. ISBN .CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Makripoulias, Christos (2002). "Campaign of the Arabs in Asia Minor, 781-82". Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor. Athens, Greece: Foundation of the Hellenic World. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- Mango, Cyril; Scott, Roger (1997). The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor. Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Treadgold, Warren T. (1988). . Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN .
