قشرة قارية

The thickness of the Earth's crust (km).

قشرة قاريةContinental crust، نوع من قشرة الأرض في القارات والرفوف القارية، وسمكها حوالي 30 كم وقد يصل إلى 70 كم تحت سلاسل الجبال. وتبلغ كثافتها 2.7 جم/سم³، وسرعة الموجات الزلزالية التضاغطية حواليسبعة كم/ث.

الأهمية

الأصل

Forces at work

انظر أيضا

Terrane

الهوامش

^ عبد الجليل هويدي، محمد أحمد هيكل (2004). أساسيات الجيولوجيا التاريخية. مخطة الدار العربية للخط.

المصادر

Armstrong, R.L. (1991). "The Persistent Myth of Crustal Growth" (PDF). Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (38): 613–630.
Bowring, S A; Williams, I S (1999). "Priscoan (4.00-4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (134): 3–16. Bibcode:1999CoMP..134....3B. doi:10.1007/s004100050465.
Butler, Rob (2011). "Making new continents". Retrieved 29 January 2006.
Cogley, J. Graham (1984). "Continental Margins and the Extent and Number of Continents". Reviews of Geophysics. 22 (2): 101–122. Bibcode:1984RvGSP..22..101C. doi:10.1029/RG022i002p00101.
Condie, Kent C. (2002). "The supercontinent cycle: are there two patterns of cyclicity?". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 35 (2): 179–183. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(02)00005-2.
Clift, P; Vannuchi, P (2004). "Controls on Tectonic Accretion versus Erosion in Subduction Zones: Implications for the Origin and Recycling of the Continental Crust". Reviews of Geophysics. 42 (RG2001). Bibcode:2004RvGeo..42.2001C. doi:10.1029/2003RG000127.
Hawkesworth, C.J.; Dhuime, B.; Pietranik, A.B.; Cawood, P.A. (2010). "The generation and evolution of the continental crust". Journal of the Geological Society. London. 167: 229–248. doi:10.1144/0016-76492009-072. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Saal, A.L.; Rudnick, R.L.; Ravizza, G.E.; Hart, S.R. (1998). "Re–Os isotope evidence for the composition, formation and age of the lower continental crust". Nature. 393 (6680): 58–61. doi:10.1038/29966.
Walther, John Victor (2005). . Jones & Bartlett. p. 35. ISBN . (Diagram entitled "Model of growth of continental crust through time" by Taylor, S.R.; McLennan, S.M. (1995). "The geochemical evolution of the continental crust". Rev. Geophys. 33: 241–265. Bibcode:1995RvGeo..33..241T. doi:10.1029/95RG00262.)
von Huene, Roland; Scholl, David W. (1991). "Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust". Reviews of Geophysics. 29: 279–316. Bibcode:1991RvGeo..29..279V. doi:10.1029/91RG00969.