الهند الصينية الفرنسية
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Indochinese Union
الهند الصينية الفرنسية
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| 1887–1954 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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الفهم
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Green: French Indochina
Dark gray: Other French possessions Darkest gray: French Republic Note: Thin white lines designate the subdivisions of French Indochina that now constitute1901) Hanoi (1902–1954) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| المكانة | Colonial protectorate federation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| اللغات الشائعة | French, Vietnamese, Khmer, Lao | ||||||||||||||||||||
| الدين | Buddhism, Taoism, Confuscianism, Catholicism | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Governor-General | |||||||||||||||||||||
| الحقبة التاريخية | الإمبريالية الجديدة | ||||||||||||||||||||
• Established |
اكتوبر 17 1887 | ||||||||||||||||||||
• Addition of Laos |
اكتوبر 3, 1893 | ||||||||||||||||||||
• Independence of (North) Vietnam (proclaimed) |
سبتمبر 2, 1945 | ||||||||||||||||||||
• استقلال (الجنوب) ڤيتنام |
يونيو14, 1949 | ||||||||||||||||||||
• Independence of Laos |
يوليو19, 1949 | ||||||||||||||||||||
• استقلال كمبوديا |
نوفمبرتسعة 1954 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1935 | 737,000 kم2 (285,000 ميل2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| التعداد | |||||||||||||||||||||
• 1935 |
21599582 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | French Indochinese piastre | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Indochina in 1891 (from Le Monde Illustré).
1. Panorama of Lac-Kaï, French outpost in China.
2. Yun-nan, in the quay of Hanoi.
3. Flooded street of Hanoi.
4. Landing stage of Hanoi
1. Panorama of Lac-Kaï, French outpost in China.
2. Yun-nan, in the quay of Hanoi.
3. Flooded street of Hanoi.
4. Landing stage of Hanoi
الهند الصينية الفرنسية French Indochina (بالفرنسية: Indochine française; بالخمير: សហភាពឥណ្ឌូចិន, ڤيتنامية: Đông Dương thuộc Pháp, تُنطق [ɗoŋm zɰəŋ tʰuə̀k fǎp], كانت جزءا من الامبراطورية الاستعمارية الفرنسية في جنوب شرق آسيا. هي اتحاد فيدرالي من مناطق ڤيتنام الثلاثة، (شمال) تونكين، أنام(الوسطى) ، وCochinchina (South) ، وكذلك كمبوديا، وتشكلت في عام 1887.
التدخلات الفرنسية الأولى
Portrait of crown prince Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh in France, 1787.
تأسيس الهند الصينية الفرنسية
French marine infantrymen in Tonkin, 1884
Expansion of French Indochina (in blue).
الثورات الڤيتنامية
الحرب الفرنسية السيامية (1893)
Siamese army in the disputed territory of Laos in 1893.
Further encroachments on Siam (1904–1907)
Occupation of Trat by French troops in 1904.
French Indochina in 1913.
ڤيتنام كووك دان دانگ
الحرب الفرنسية التايلاندية (1940-1941)
الحرب العالمية الثانية
حرب الهند الصينية الأولى
Indochina in 1954.
اتفاقيات جنيڤ
انظرأيضاً
- List of colonial heads of French Indochina
- Political administration of French Indochina
- French colonial administration of Laos
- List of French possessions and colonies
المصادر
This article provides some complete reference citations, and includes a list of references or external links. However, its verifiability remains partly unclear because it has insufficient in-text citations. You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. |
المراجع
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع French Indochina. |
- Brocheux, Pierre, and Daniel Hemery. Indochina: An Ambiguous Colonization, 1858–1954 (University of California Press; 2010) 490 pages; a history of French Indochina.
- Chandler, David (2007). A History of Cambodia (4th ed. ed.). Boulder, Colorado:: Westview Press. ISBN .CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: extra text (link)
- Duiker, William (1976). The Rise of Nationalism in Vietnam, 1900-1941. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN .
- Edwards, Penny (2007). Cambodge: The Cultivation of a Nation, 1860–1945. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN .
- Evans, Grant (2002). A Short History of Laos. Crow's Nest, Australia: Allen and Unwin. نطقب:ASIN.
- Marr, David (1971). Vietnamese Anticolonialism, 1885–1925. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN .
- Marr, David (1982). Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920–1945. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN .
- Marr, David (1995). Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN .
- McLeod, Mark (1991). The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862–1874. New York: Praeger. ISBN .
- Murray, Martin J. (1980). The Development of Capitalism in Colonial Indochina (1870–1940). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN .
- Osborne, Milton (1969). The French Presence in Cochinchina and Cambodia: Rule and Response (1859–1905). Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. نطقب:ASIN.
- Perkins, Mandaley (2006). Hanoi, Adieu: A bittersweet memoir of French Indochina, Sydney, Harper Perennial, ISBN 9780 7322 8197 7, ISBN 0 7322 8197 0
- Stuart-Fox, Martin (1997). A History of Laos. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- Tarling, Nicholas (2001). Imperialism in Southeast Asia: "A Fleeting, Passing Phase". London and New York: Routledge. ISBN .
- Tully, John (2003). France on the Mekong: A History of the Protectorate in Cambodia, 1863–1953. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN .
- Woodside, Alexander (1976). Community and Revolution in Modern Vietnam. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN .
- Zinoman, Peter (2001). The Colonial Bastille: A History of Imprisonment in Vietnam, 1862–1940. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN .
